Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to shrub, or non-green root parasite, generally bristly or sharp-hairy.
Stem: prostrate to erect.
Leaf: cauline, often with basal rosette, simple or compound, generally alternate.
Inflorescence: cymes, generally elongate, panicle-, raceme-, or spike-like, generally coiled in flower (often described as scorpioid), generally uncoiled in fruit, or heads, spikes, or panicles, or flowers 1–2 per axil.
Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals (4)5(10), fused at least at base, or free; corolla generally (4)5(10)-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages 0 or 5 at top of tube, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, entire to 4-lobed, style 1(2), entire or 2-lobed or -branched.
Fruit: nutlets 1–4, free ( fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not, or valvate or circumscissile capsule.
± 120 genera, ± 2300 species: tropics, temperate, especially w North America, Medit; some cultivated (Borago, Heliotropium, Echium, Myosotis, Nemophila, Phacelia, Symphytum). Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. [Olmsted et al. 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae. —Scientific Editors: Ronald B. Kelley, Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Boraginaceae

Perennial; roots fleshy- fibrous or tuber-like, from rhizomes.
Stem: erect, fleshy.
Leaf: simple, pinnate-lobed, or compound, basal or cauline, alternate; petiole widened, clasping; leaflets toothed or lobed, hairy, generally paler abaxially.
Inflorescence: generally branched, generally head-like cymes; pedicels generally elongate, recurved in fruit or not.
Flower: calyx bell-shaped, lobes linear to lanceolate, acute to obtuse, glabrous or hairy, generally ciliate; corolla lobed to middle, > calyx, bell-shaped, lobes hairy; stamens equal, exserted, filaments hairy; ovary chamber 1, style 1, exserted, stigmas 2, base persistent.
Fruit: capsule, 3–5 mm, spheric; tip generally bristly, loosely enclosed by calyx.
Seed: 1–4, oblong to spheric, brown, net-like.
n=9.
8 species: North America. (Greek: water leaf) [Constance 1942 Amer Midl Naturalist 27:710–731]

Rhizome short.
Stem: 25–90 cm, with reflexed bristles.
Leaf: 6–30 cm; petiole 3–18 cm; blade ± oblong, deep-lobed, leaflets 7–11, lanceolate, acute to acuminate, teeth generally 4–8 per side, lower 2–3 leaflet pairs generally distinct, upper deep-lobed.
Inflorescence: well above ground, generally > subtending leaves; peduncle 3–18 cm; pedicels 2–10 mm.
Flower: calyx lobes 3–6 mm, < 7 mm in fruit; corolla 6–11 mm, lobes 4–5 mm, white, purple, or white with lavender marks; anthers 1–2 mm; style 9–14 mm.
Seed: generally 2.
Moist, shady, wooded slopes; 1100–2000 m. Klamath Ranges;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.