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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Annual to perennial herb [ shrub, tree], generally from taproot.
Stem: generally ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow.
Leaf: basal and generally cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, occasionally compound.
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present in involucres or 0; bractlets generally present in " involucels".
Flower: many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform at tip subtending 2 free styles.
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves (= mericarps), separating from each other but generally ± persistent to central axis; ribs on halves 5, 2 marginal, 3 to back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs.
300 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide, especially temperate; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. is historical garden weed; some toxic (e.g., Conium). Mature fruit generally critical in identification, shape given in outline. Hydrocotyle moved to Araliaceae. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill is a waif. —Scientific Editors: Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Biennial, perennial herb; taprooted, roots clustered, or rhizomes; generally glabrous, ± spiny.Key to Eryngium
Stem: decumbent to erect, generally branched.
Leaf: basal rosette, cauline; petioles present or 0; blades linear to triangular- ovate or round, generally pinnately or palmately lobed or dissected ( entire), generally sharp-toothed or spine-tipped, net-veined; juvenile leaves linear, segmented.
Inflorescence: heads 1–many in cymes, racemes [ panicles]; bracts each generally subtend 1 flower, with scarious membrane enclosing ovary, outer > to >> inner, spiny or not on margins and abaxially; rays, pedicels 0.
Flower: sepals spine-tipped, generally persistent; petals oblong to ovate or oblanceolate, white to blue or purple, tip long; anthers, styles generally green, occasionally blue; ovary tip projection 0.
Fruit: obconic to obovate or narrowly elliptic [round], compressed or not, densely scaly; scales at fruit tip and along juncture of carpels generally larger, longer than on face or base; ribs 0; oil tubes obscure; fruit central axis not obvious.
Seed: face generally flat.
± 230 species: Am, Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand. (Ancient Greek name used by Theophrastus) [Marsden & Simpson 1999 Madroño 46:61–64] CA species variable, intergrading, need study.
Unabridged references: [Sheikh 1983 Madroño 30:93–101]
Generally glabrous, occasionally puberulent only on leaves or bracts.
Stem: decumbent to erect, 1–9 dm, slender to stout, main stem branching 2–5 cm distal to rosette.
Leaf: basal < branches; petiole 5–27 cm; blade 3–10 cm, < petiole, lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely sharp- serrate, irregularly cut, or lobed.
Inflorescence: heads 5–12 mm, ± spheric, in cymes, glabrous, puberulent or rough; peduncle 0.5–1.5 cm; bracts 6–27 mm, linear to lance- linear, margins with 0–few spines proximal to middle, 0–few spines adaxially.
Flower: sepals 1.7–2.8 mm, lanceolate to ovate, entire, tip- spine < 1 mm; petals oblanceolate, white; styles 1.5–3.5 mm, occasionally ± purple.
Fruit: 1.5–2.5 mm, narrowly elliptic; scales dense, unequal, lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, minutely bristled. Highly variable. [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Eryngium aristulatum originally applied to slender, sprawling plants with heads <= 6 mm, fruit scales densely bristly; stout, erect plants with heads > 6 mm, fruits sparsely bristly may deserve recognition as Eryngium oblanceolatum J.M. Coult. & Rose; other vars. may warrant sp. rank.
Glabrous ( puberulent).
Stem: slender, sprawling, to stout, erect.
Inflorescence: outer bract margins spiny, occasionally few spines adaxially, inner bracts with 0–few marginal spines.
Fruit: styles >> calyx; scales densely to sparsely bristly.
2n=32,64. Vernal pools, lakeshores, drying lakes, wet depressions; < 1070 m. North Coast, North Coast Ranges, Sacramento Valley, San Francisco Bay Area.
Previous taxon: Eryngium aristulatum
Next taxon: Eryngium aristulatum var. hooveri
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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