Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual, perennial herb, shrub; often glandular; root-parasites, roots modified into absorptive structures.
Stem: generally round in ×-section.
Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, reduced to ± fleshy scales in non-green plants lacking chlorophyll; stipules generally 0.
Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1–2 in axils.
Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes 0–5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed), abaxial lobes outside other lobes in bud; stamens epipetalous, 4 in 2 pairs (sometimes 1 pair sterile), additional staminode 0(1), anther sacs unequal; ovary superior, chambers 1–2, placentas 2–4, parietal, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: capsule, generally ± ovoid, loculicidal, valves 2–4.
Seed: many, small, angled; surface smooth or netted.
99 genera, 2060 species: worldwide, especially n temperate and Africa. [Bennett & Matthews 2006 Amer J Bot 93:1039–1051] High yield losses in many crops caused by Orobanche species in Africa, Medit, Middle East, and e Europe. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Orobanchaceae

Annual, green to yellow-brown or ± purple; generally ascending-branched.
Leaf: alternate or ± basal, sessile, ± linear, distal finely divided.
Inflorescence: spike and/or flowers solitary in axils; bracts generally leaf-like.
Flower: calyx ± equally 4-lobed; corolla tube generally slender, upper lip folded lengthwise, tip of upper 2 corolla lobes open, opening directed forward, forming a beak, lower lip deeply 3-pouched, 3-toothed, throat abruptly generally indented forming a fold proximal to lower lip; stamens 4, anther sac 1 per stamen, generally included; stigma generally slightly enlarged, entire to slightly 2-lobed.
Seed: 20–80, 0.8–1.2 mm, ovoid, attached at base, dark brown; coat netted, generally tight-fitting.
2n=22.
6 species: w North America, China. (Greek: 3 bladders, from lower lip pouches) [Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644–666] Hybrids common. Related to Castilleja, Orthocarpus; isolated reproductively.
Unabridged references: [Hong 1996 Novon 6:372–374]

Plant generally 10–35 cm, ± purple, generally puberulent, glandular- and nonglandular-hairy.
Leaf: 10–50 mm, 3–7-lobed.
Inflorescence: 2–15 cm, dense distally; bracts 5–18 mm, 3–5-lobed.
Flower: calyx 8–13 mm, divided 1/4–1/2; corolla 10–25 mm, yellow, or white fading rose-pink, beak dark purple, tube densely puberulent, lower lip ± = beak, pouches 3–4 mm deep.
Fruit: 5–8 mm, oblong.
Seed: 30–50, dark brown. [Online Interchange]

Flower: corolla white, fading rose-pink.
Coastal fields, bluffs; < 300 m. North Coast, Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, South Coast.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.