Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial from membranous bulb or scaly rhizome.
Stem: underground or erect, branched or not.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate, subopposite, or whorled.
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, ± umbel-like or not.
Flower: perianth parts 6 in 2 generally petal-like whorls, often showy; stamens 3 or 6, filaments free or ± fused to perianth, anthers attached at base or near middle; ovary superior or ± so, style 1, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule or berry.
Seed: 3–many, flat or angled, brown to black.
16 genera, 635 species: n temperate. Users strongly encouraged to protect plants by working around need to see underground parts in using keys, e.g., by trying both leads in couplets solely dependent on such characters. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. an historical waif in CA. Other TJM (1993) taxa moved to Agavaceae (Agave, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Hesperocallis, Hesperoyucca, Leucocrinum, Yucca), Alliaceae (Allium, Ipheion, Nothoscordum), Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis, Narcissus, Pancratium), Asparagaceae (Asparagus), Asphodelaceae (Aloe, Asphodelus, Kniphofia), Melanthiaceae (Pseudotrillium, Stenanthium, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Veratrum, Xerophyllum), Nartheciaceae (Narthecium), Ruscaceae (Maianthemum, Nolina), Smilacaceae (Smilax), Tecophilaeaceae (Odontostomum), Themidaceae (Androstephium, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, Muilla, Triteleia), and Tofieldiaceae (Triantha). North America species of Disporum now in Prosartes. —Scientific Editors: Dale W. McNeal, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Liliaceae

Plant from bulb-like, scaly rhizomes (called bulbs here for brevity), generally not clonal, ± glabrous; bulb scale segments 2–many, if segmented.
Stem: erect.
Leaf: > 12, ± whorled (often some alternate), sessile, spreading with drooping tips to ascending, generally ± elliptic; veins generally 3; stipule 0.
Inflorescence: flowers axillary, 1–40+; bracts generally 2 per flower.
Flower: generally radial, generally bell- or funnel-shaped; perianth parts 6 in 2 petal-like whorls, ± lanceolate, base narrowed, generally red-purple-spotted adaxially; stamens 6, anthers attached at middle (measures are after dehiscence); style 1, stigma 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule, erect, generally ± smooth, loculicidal.
Seed: many, flat, in 6 stacks.
n=12.
± 100 species: n temperate, tropical mountains of eastern Asia. (Greek: lily) Variable, hybridization common. Many species declining from habitat destruction, collecting; few thrive in gardens. Generally flowers May–Aug.
Unabridged references: [Skinner 1988 Ph.D. Dissertation Harvard Univ]

Plant < 3.1 m; bulb ± erect-ovoid or oblique-elongate, scales segmented or not, longest 3–12 cm.
Stem: brown-purple or not.
Leaf: in 2–8 whorls, generally ascending, 4.5–14.5 cm, generally ± oblanceolate; margin generally wavy.
Inflorescence: flowers 1–33(40), pendent.
Flower: ± widely bell-shaped, not fragrant; perianth parts generally 5.6–9.5 cm, reflexed in distal 80%, orange or yellow, adaxially ridged basally; stamens >> perianth, filaments diverging widely, anthers 11–19 mm, purple, pollen red-brown to tan-yellow; pistil 4.5–7.1 cm.
Fruit: 2.5–5.4 cm, ribbed. [Online Interchange]

Bulb scales often purple at tip, obscurely (1)2–5-segmented.
Flower: perianth yellow or light orange, spots margined lighter red (toward tip larger, with wider margins); pollen ± tan or tan-yellow.
Oak canyons, chaparral, yellow-pine forest; < 1800 m. s Central Western California, Southwestern California.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.