Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to perennial herb (to tree).
Leaf: cauline or basal, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous.
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers 1 in axils; bracted.
Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial, often opening at either dawn or dusk; hypanthium generally prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals 4(2–7); petals 4(2–7, rarely 0), often fading darker; stamens 2 × or = sepals in number, anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally as many as sepals (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, spheric, or hemispheric.
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like).
Seed: sometimes winged or hair-tufted.
22 genera, ± 657 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Oenothera). [Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1–240] Gaura moved to Oenothera. Fuchsia magellanica Lam. naturalized in n CA. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]

Key to Onagraceae

Annual.
Stem: generally erect, < 1 m, slender; hairs 0 to dense, rarely glandular.
Leaf: cauline, alternate (or ± opposite near base), petioled or not, narrow- lanceolate, entire.
Inflorescence: flowers axillary, pedicelled or not, opening at dawn.
Flower: hypanthium inconspicuous; sepals 4, staying fused in 2s or all coming free; petals 4, 0.5–8 mm, white, with 1–2 yellow or ± green spots at base, fading pink or red; stamens 8, those opposite sepals longer, pollen ± yellow; ovary chambers 2, stigma generally not exserted beyond anthers, generally touching them, generally ± spheric.
Fruit: capsule, ± cylindric or flat; valves 4, generally all coming free, generally equal.
Seed: few to many, generally all maturing, generally appressed to septum, alternate or ± opposite between chambers, in each chamber generally in 1 row and generally not overlapped, 0.5–2.3 mm, ovoid, glabrous or hairy, brown or gray mottled with brown; appendages 0.
± 9 species: w North America, 2 South America. (C. Gay, French author of Flora of Chile, 1800–1873) Self-fertile; taxa with petals < 3 mm self-pollinated.
Unabridged references: [Lewis & Szweykowski 1964 Brittonia 16:343–391]

Stem: < 60 cm; branches at base or not, generally forked distally.
Leaf: 1–6 cm, generally reduced distally on stem.
Inflorescence: 1st flower 1–20 nodes distal to base.
Flower: ovary hairy.
Fruit: 3–15 mm, sessile or generally > pedicel, cylindric, slightly to very knobby.
Seed: 3–18, alternate or ± opposite, in each chamber occasionally in 2 rows and overlapped, glabrous to densely puberulent.
2n=28. Complex from several 2n=14 species; subspp. may intergrade locally. [Online Interchange]

Flower: petals 1.2–3 mm; larger stamens 0.9–2 mm; stigma not exserted beyond anthers, ± spheric.
Fruit: seeds in each chamber occasionally in 2 rows and overlapped.
Common. Open montane forest, sagebrush scrub; 800–3700 m. Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges, Great Basin Floristic Province.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.