Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to shrub [ tree], generally hairy.
Leaf: cauline, opposite, generally toothed; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, or head, generally elongated in fruit; bract generally 1 per flower.
Flower: bisexual; calyx generally 4–5-toothed; corolla 4–5-lobed, radial to bilateral, salverform to 2-lipped; stamens 4–5 (if 4, generally in unequal pairs), epipetalous; ovary superior, 2- or 4-lobed, generally 2- chambered, style 1, often with 2 unequal lobes, only 1 stigmatic, lateral.
Fruit: 2 or 4 nutlets, drupe-like, or capsule.
± 31 genera, ± 920 species: especially Am tropics. Some cultivated (Lantana, Verbena, Vitex); some weedy worldwide (Lantana); some used for wood (Tectona, teak). Avicennia included in Acanthaceae. [Marx et al. 2010 Amer J Bot 97:1647–1663] —Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Verbenaceae

Annual to perennial herb [ shrub].
Stem: often 4-angled; hairs generally short, stiff.
Leaf: reduced distally on stem; blade entire to pinnately lobed.
Inflorescence: spike, often in panicle-like clusters, generally terminal, generally elongated in fruit.
Flower: calyx 5-ribbed, 5-toothed, hairs generally strigose or appressed; corolla 4–5-lobed, generally ± radial, sometimes bilateral and 2-lipped; stamens 4; ovary 4-chambered, ovules 4, style 1, lobes 2, 1 tooth-like, 1 with ± spheric stigma.
Fruit: nutlets 4, generally oblong.
± 250 species: temperate, tropical America, Medit Europe. (Latin: ancient name) [Munir 2002 J Adelaide Bot Gard 18:21–103; Yeo 1990 Kew Bull 45:101–120; Yuan & Olmstead 2008 Molec Phylogen Evol 48:23–33] Verbena gooddingii, Verbena pulchella often placed in Glandularia (sister to Verbena in strictest sense).

Perennial (sometimes flowering first yr), 10–45 cm.
Stem: 3–10+ from base, decumbent to erect; hairs soft, spreading.
Leaf: 1–4 cm, lanceolate to ovate, obtusely toothed, short-soft-hairy; basal 3–5-lobed, tapered to ± flat petiole.
Inflorescence: spike generally 1 per stem branch, in fruit 2–6 cm, 10–15 cm diam, dense; flower bract 4.5–6 mm.
Flower: calyx 6–9.5 mm, hairs spreading; corolla 8–14 mm, purple-blue.
Fruit: 2–3 mm.
2n=30. Sandy soils, washes, rocky slopes; 1200–2000 m. e Mojave Desert, ne Sonoran Desert;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.