Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial from corm, outer coat fibrous [ membranous].
Leaf: basal, 1–10, linear to narrow- lanceolate.
Inflorescence: scapose, generally umbel-like; scape erect, generally 1(2), cylindric, generally rigid, occasionally wavy to twining; flower bracts 2–4[10], not enclosing flower buds.
Flower: perianth parts 6 in 2 petal-like whorls, free or ± fused below into tube; staminodes 0 or 3; stamens 3 or 6, free or fused to perianth, occasionally appendaged; ovary superior, chambers 3, ovules 2–several per chamber.
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal.
10–11 genera, 60–70 species: w North America. [Pires & Sytsma 2002 Amer J Bot 89:1342–1359] —Scientific Editors: Dale W. McNeal, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Themidaceae

Corm spheric, tan; daughter corms sessile.
Leaf: 1–3, generally narrow- lanceolate, keeled, glabrous, entire, often withered at flower.
Inflorescence: umbel-like, open; bracts ± lanceolate, ± scarious; pedicels ± erect, generally > perianth; flowers generally many.
Flower: perianth tube generally funnel-shaped, lobes generally ascending to spreading; stamens 6, attached to perianth tube at 1 level or alternately at 2 levels, equal or short alternating with long, filaments free, appendages forming crown or generally 0, anthers attached at middle, generally angled away from stigma; ovary stalked, style 1, stigma ± 3-lobed.
Fruit: generally stalked, ovoid.
Seed: ± spheric, black-crusted.
15 species: w North America, especially n&c CA. (Greek: 3 complete, for flower parts in 3s)
Unabridged references: [Hoover 1941 Amer Midl Naturalist 25:73–100]

Leaf: 20–40 cm, 4–25 mm wide.
Inflorescence: scape 10–70 cm, smooth or scabrous; pedicels 10–100 mm.
Flower: perianth 18–47 mm, blue, blue-purple, or white, tube 12–25 mm, tapered at base, lobes 8–20 mm, gradually spreading; stamens attached alternately at 2 levels, ± equal, filaments 3–6 mm, linear, anthers 2–5 mm, white to ± blue; ovary 1/3–1/2 stalk.
n=8,9,14,15,16,21,24. Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill woodland, grassland on clay soil; < 1500 m. Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, Central Western California, Transverse Ranges;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.