Common Name: BROOMRAPE FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, shrub; often glandular; root-parasites, roots modified into absorptive structures. Stem: generally round in ×-section. Leaf: generally simple, generally alternate, reduced to +- fleshy scales in non-green plants lacking chlorophyll; stipules generally 0. Inflorescence: spike to panicle, generally bracted, or flowers 1--2 in axils. Flower: bisexual; calyx lobes 0--5; corolla generally strongly bilateral, generally 2-lipped (upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower lip generally 3-lobed), abaxial lobes outside other lobes in bud; stamens epipetalous, 4 in 2 pairs (sometimes 1 pair sterile), additional staminode 0(1), anther sacs unequal; ovary superior, chambers 1--2, placentas 2--4, parietal, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2. Fruit: capsule, generally +- ovoid, loculicidal, valves 2--4. Seed: many, small, angled; surface smooth or netted. Genera In Family: +- 100 genera, 2060 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate and Africa. Note: High yield losses in many crops caused by Orobanche and Phelipanche species in Africa, Mediterranean, Middle East, and eastern Europe. Taxa of Orobanche in TJM2 treated here in Aphyllon and Phelipanche. eFlora Treatment Author: Margriet Wetherwax, except as noted Scientific Editor: Robert W. Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Habit: Annual, green to yellow-brown or +- purple; generally ascending-branched. Leaf: alternate or +- basal, sessile, +- linear, distal finely divided. Inflorescence: spike and/or flowers solitary in axils; bracts generally leaf-like. Flower: calyx +- equally 4-lobed; corolla tube generally slender, upper lip folded lengthwise, tip of upper 2 corolla lobes open, opening directed forward, forming a beak, lower lip deeply 3-pouched, 3-toothed, throat abruptly generally indented forming a fold proximal to lower lip; stamens 4, anther sac 1 per stamen, generally included; stigma generally slightly enlarged, entire to slightly 2-lobed. Seed: 20--80, 0.8--1.2 mm, ovoid, attached at base, dark brown; coat netted, generally tight-fitting. Chromosomes: 2n=22. Etymology: (Greek: 3 bladders, from lower lip pouches) Note: Hybrids common. Related to Castilleja, Orthocarpus; isolated reproductively. eFlora Treatment Author: Margriet Wetherwax, T I. Chuang & Lawrence R. Heckard Reference: Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644--666 Unabridged Reference: Hong 1996 Novon 6:372--374
Triphysaria micrantha (Greene ex A. Heller) T.I. Chuang & Heckard
NATIVE Habit: Plant 5--15 cm, generally +- dark purple, glabrous proximally, puberulent, glandular- and nonglandular-hairy distally. Leaf: 7--25 mm, 0--5-lobed. Inflorescence: 3--6 cm, slender, +- open; bracts 8--15 mm, 3--5-lobed, long-hairy. Flower: calyx 6--7 mm, divided 1/3--2/3, hairy; corolla 8--15 mm, yellow, beak dark purple, 1 mm > lower lip, marked dark purple, pouches 1--2 mm deep; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Fruit: 4--5 mm. Seed: 50--80, dark brown; coat loose-fitting. Ecology: Grassland; Elevation: < 1000 m. Bioregional Distribution: c&s SNF, SnJV, c CCo, SCoR. Flowering Time: Mar--May Unabridged Synonyms: Orthocarpus micranthus Greene ex A. Heller; Orthocarpus bidwelliae A. Gray var. micranthus A. Gray; Orthocarpus erianthus var. micranthus (A. Gray) Jeps. Jepson eFlora Author: Margriet Wetherwax, T I. Chuang & Lawrence R. Heckard Reference: Chuang & Heckard 1991 Syst Bot 16:644--666 Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Triphysaria floribunda Next taxon: Triphysaria pusilla
Botanical illustration including Triphysaria micrantha
Citation for this treatment: Margriet Wetherwax, T I. Chuang & Lawrence R. Heckard 2012, Triphysaria micrantha, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=47295, accessed on April 24, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 24, 2024.
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