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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Annual to tree.
Leaf: generally alternate, generally compound, generally stipuled, generally entire, pinnately veined
Inflorescence: generally raceme, spike, umbel or head; or flowers 1–few in axils.
Flower: generally bisexual, generally bilateral; hypanthium 0 or flat to tubular; sepals generally 5, generally fused; petals generally 5, free, fused, or lower 2 ± united into keel (see 3, Key to Groups, for banner, wings); stamens 10 or many (or [1], 5, 6, 7, 9), free or fused or 10 with 9 filaments at least partly fused, 1 (uppermost) free; pistil 1, ovary superior, generally 1-chambered, ovules 1–many, style, stigma 1.
Fruit: legume, including a stalk-like base (above receptacle) or not.
Seed: 1–many, often ± reniform, generally hard, smooth.
± 730 genera, 19400 species: worldwide; with grasses, requisite in agriculture, most natural ecosystems. Many cultivated, most importantly Arachis, peanut; Glycine, soybean; Phaseolus, beans; Medicago, alfalfa; Trifolium, clovers; many orns. [Lewis et al. (eds) 2005 Legumes of the World. RBG, Kew] Unless stated otherwise, fruit length incl stalk-like base, number of 2° leaflets is per 1° leaflet. Upper suture of fruit adaxial, lower abaxial. Anthyllis vulneraria L. evidently a waif, a contaminant of legume seed from Europe. Laburnum anagyroides Medik., collected on Mount St. Helena in 1987, may be naturalized. Ceratonia siliqua L., carob tree (Group 2), differs from Gleditsia triacanthos L. in having evergreen (vs deciduous) leaves that are 1-pinnate (vs 1-pinnate on spurs on old stems, 2-pinnate on new stems) with 2–5(8) (vs 7–17) 1° leaflets, commonly cult, now naturalized in s CA. Aeschynomene rudis Benth. <Noxious weed>, Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss <Noxious weed> (possibly extirpated), Lens culinaris Medik. are agricultural weeds. Caragana arborescens Lam. only cult. Ononis alopecuroides L. <Noxious weed>, Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. <Noxious weed> all evidently extirpated. Cercidium moved to Parkinsonia; Chamaecytisus to Cytisus; Psoralidium lanceolatum to Ladeania. —Scientific Editors: Martin F. Wojciechowski, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Annual, perennial herb, unarmed.Key to Trifolium
Leaf: generally palmately compound; stipules conspicuous, partly fused to petiole, generally papery or membranous; leaflets generally 3, occasionally 5–9, ± toothed or wavy.
Inflorescence: raceme (generally umbel-like), head, or spike, axillary or terminal, generally many-flowered, generally involucred, generally peduncled; inflorescence bracts 0 or forming vestigial ring or involucre; flower bracts present or not.
Flower: generally spreading to erect, generally becoming reflexed; corolla generally purple to pale lavender, occasionally yellow, persistent after flower; 9 filaments fused, 1 free.
Fruit: generally indehiscent but generally breaking, short, plump, generally enclosed in corolla; base generally stalk-like.
Seed: 1–6.
± 300 species: temps, tropical mountains, n hemisphere, South America, Africa.; foodplant for lepidopterans, cultivated as green manure in crop rotation, fodder. (Latin: 3 leaves) [Ellison et al. 2006 Molec Phylogen Evol 39:688–705; Vincent 2009 Madroño 56:208]
Unabridged references: [Gillett 1980 Canad J Bot 58:1425–1448; Zohary & Heller 1984 Genus Trifolium]
Perennial, generally robust, glabrous.
Stem: erect.
Leaf: generally cauline; stipules of mid-leaves 1–2.5 cm, green; leaflets 4–10 cm, elliptic to ovate.
Inflorescence: head- or short- raceme-like, 1.5–3 cm; axis generally exserted 2–3 mm; flowers becoming reflexed.
Flower: calyx 3.5–4.5 mm, tube 10-veined, lobes slender, ± >= tube; corolla 9–14 mm, green-white to pink.
Fruit: stalk-like base ± 1 mm.
Seed: 1–3.
Wet or shady places, meadows with sedges, alder swamps; 800–1800 m. n Klamath Ranges, n North Coast Ranges, n Cascade Range;
Previous taxon: Trifolium hirtum
Next taxon: Trifolium hybridum
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
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| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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