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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Annual to shrub, tree [ vine]; monoecious or dioecious.
Stem: generally branched [ fleshy or spiny].
Leaf: generally simple, alternate or opposite, generally stipuled, petioled; blade entire, toothed, or palmately lobed.
Inflorescence: terminal or axillary panicle, raceme or spike, or (Chamaesyce, Euphorbia) a compact unit enclosed by an involucre appearing flower-like, terminal or axillary, 1 or in whorled, umbel-like, or cyme-like arrays.
Flower: unisexual, ± radial; sepals generally 3–5, free or fused; petals generally 0; stamens 1–many, free or filaments fused; ovary superior, chambers 1–4, styles free or fused, simple or lobed.
Fruit: generally capsule.
Seed: 1 per chamber; seed scar appendage sometimes present, pad- to dome-like.
218 genera, 6000+ species: ± worldwide especially tropics; some cultivated (Aleurites, tung oil; Euphorbia species; Hevea, rubber; Ricinus). Many species ± highly TOXIC. [Wurdack & Davis 2009 Amer J Bot 96:1551–1570] Eremocarpus moved to Croton. Tetracoccus moved to Picrodendraceae. —Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Webster 1994 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 81:1–144]
Perennial < 0.5 m; hairs stinging, nettle-like; monoecious.
Stem: spreading to erect, branched, sometimes twining.
Leaf: cauline, alternate; stipules persistent.
Inflorescence: raceme, terminal or opposite leaf; staminate flowers distal to pistillate flowers.
Staminate flower: sepals [3]4–5; stamens 3–6[50]; nectary 0.
Pistillate flower: sepals 5[4–8]; ovary 3-chambered, styles simple, ± fused at base.
Fruit: ± spheric.
Seed: smooth or ± rough; scar not appendaged.
± 100 species: tropics, warm temperate worldwide. (Tragus, name for Hieronymus Bock, German herbalist, 1498–1554) [Miller & Webster 1967 Rhodora 69:241–305]
Plant rough-hairy.
Stem: 1–3 dm.
Leaf: stipules 1–4.5 mm, lanceolate to ovate; petiole 2–20 mm; blade 1–2 cm, lanceolate to ovate, base truncate to ± lobed, margin coarsely, sharply toothed.
Inflorescence: 0.5–1 cm, ± spreading; pedicels 1–2 mm; staminate flowers 2–4; pistillate flower 1.
Staminate flower: sepals 4–5, ± 1 mm, recurved; stamens 3–6, filaments ± flattened.
Pistillate flower: sepals 5, 1.5–2 mm; ovary < 2 mm diam, puberulent to finely bristly, styles fused in proximal 1/3.
Fruit: 3–4 mm, 6–8 mm wide, depressed-spheric, sparsely and finely bristly.
Seed: 2.5–3.5 mm, ± spheric.
Dry, rocky slopes, scrub, pinyon/juniper woodland; 900–1900 m. Desert Mountains;
Previous taxon: Tragia
Next taxon: Triadica
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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