Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to perennial herb [ shrub, tree], generally from taproot.
Stem: generally ± scapose, generally ribbed, hollow.
Leaf: basal and generally cauline, generally alternate; stipules generally 0; petiole base generally sheathing stem; blade generally much dissected, occasionally compound.
Inflorescence: umbel or head, simple or compound, generally peduncled; bracts present in involucres or 0; bractlets generally present in " involucels".
Flower: many, small, generally bisexual (or some staminate), generally radial (or outer bilateral); calyx 0 or lobes 5, small; petals 5, free, generally ovate or spoon-shaped, generally incurved at tips, generally ± ephemeral; stamens 5; pistil 1, ovary inferior, 2-chambered, generally with a ± conic, persistent projection or platform at tip subtending 2 free styles.
Fruit: 2 dry, 1-seeded halves (= mericarps), separating from each other but generally ± persistent to central axis; ribs on halves 5, 2 marginal, 3 to back; oil tubes 1–several per interval between ribs.
300 genera, 3000 species: ± worldwide, especially temperate; many cultivated for food or spice (e.g., Carum, caraway; Daucus; Petroselinum); Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. is historical garden weed; some toxic (e.g., Conium). Mature fruit generally critical in identification, shape given in outline. Hydrocotyle moved to Araliaceae. Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill is a waif. —Scientific Editors: Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Apiaceae

Biennial, perennial herb, rhizomed or tap- or tuberous-rooted, glabrous or minutely scabrous.
Stem: generally spreading to erect.
Leaf: blade oblong-ovate to obovate, entire to ternately, palmately, or pinnately lobed, dissected, or compound.
Inflorescence: heads simple, in cymes or racemes, dense, of bisexual and staminate ( staminate only) flowers; bracts entire or lobed, < to > heads; bisexual flowers pedicelled or not, staminate generally long-pedicelled.
Flower: calyx lobes prominent, persistent, occasionally fused; petals wide, yellow, purple, or ± white (pale red-orange), tips narrowed, generally lobed; styles long or short; ovary tip projection 0.
Fruit: oblong-ovate to round, ± compressed side-to-side; fruit-halves ± cylindric, prickly to scaly or tubercled; ribs 0; oil tubes evident or obscure, regularly or irregularly arranged; fruit central axis not obvious.
Seed: face flat or grooved.
± 40 species: temperate, ± worldwide. (Latin: to heal) [Bell 1954 Univ Calif Publ Bot 27:133–230]

Plant 12–60 cm, taprooted.
Leaf: simple, 1–2-pinnately dissected, green, glaucous, or ± purple; blade 4–19 cm, oblong-ovate to ± round, main divisions generally 7 or more, generally narrow, sharply toothed.
Inflorescence: peduncle 0.5–16 cm; bracts ± fused at base, 6–8, 2.5 mm, < heads, lanceolate; pedicel of bisexual flower 0, of staminate 2 mm, < fruit.
Flower: bisexual 8–10, staminate 10–12; calyx lobes ± fused at base, 0.8–1 mm, widely lanceolate, acute; corolla purple or yellow; styles 2 × calyx lobes.
Fruit: 3–8 per head, 3–6 mm, ovate to round; prickles stout, curved, inflated, bulbous-based.
Seed: face concave.
2n=16. Open grassland, generally on serpentine, or pine/oak woodland; 20–1850 m. Northwestern California, High Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada Foothills, n&c High Sierra Nevada, Sacramento Valley (Sutter Buttes), Central Western California, Southwestern California, Modoc Plateau;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.