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SALVINIACEAE FLOATING-FERN or WATER-SPANGLE FAMILY

Bruce G. Baldwin

Free-floating aquatic; roots 0.
Stem: horizontal.
Leaf: in groups of 3 along stem, each group of 2 floating leaves, 1 submersed; floating leaves simple, ± sessile or short-petioled, generally ovate to cordate, entire, notched at tip or not, green, hairy, hairs water-repellent on upper face; submersed leaf dissected, root-like, generally petioled, ± white, hairy.
Sporangia: in ± spheric, indehiscent cases of 2 kinds, submersed, on axes in chain-like arrangements or on leaves.
Male sporangium case: few to many; sporangia many per case; spores 32 or 64 per sporangium, spheric, in hard mass.
Female sporangium case: 1–few, basal; sporangia few per case; spore 1 per sporangium, spheric.
1 genus, ± 10 species: ± worldwide, generally tropics. Closest relatives of Azollaceae. In CA, probably all are escapes from cultivation, aquaria, reproducing vegetatively (fertile material documented in CA only for Salvinia minima). —Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.

SALVINIA
(A.M. Salvini, Italian botanist, 1633–1729) [Riefner & Smith 2009 J Bot Res Inst Texas 3:855–866]

Key to Salvinia

S. molesta D.S. Mitch.
NATURALIZED

Leaf: floating blade generally 15–25 mm, ± round, length < 1.5 × width, papillae on upper face <= 1 mm, hairs on papillae joined into dark knot at tips.
River channels, backwaters, floodplain ponds; generally < 100 m. South Coast, Sonoran Desert (Colorado River); ± worldwide in tropics; native to Brazil. {Noxious weed} [Online Interchange]
Unabridged note: Possibly of recent hybrid origin.

Previous taxon: Salvinia minima
Next taxon: Salvinia oblongifolia

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occursRed area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon;
markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
map of distribution 1

Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records.
Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.
Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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CCH collections by month

Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa.
Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.