Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Shrub, tree, evergreen; monoecious.
Stem: young crown conic; twig not grooved, resinous, generally persistent.
Leaf: simple, generally alternate, sometimes in bundles or appearing ± 2-ranked, linear or awl-like; base decurrent, woody or not, persistent several yrs.
Pollen cone: generally < 6 cm, not woody, deciduous.
Seed cone: generally woody; bracts, scales generally persistent; scale not peltate, fused to or free from subtending bract.
Seed: 2, on scale base adaxially.
10 genera, 193 species: generally n hemisphere; many of great commercial value, supplying > 1/2 of world's timber. —Scientific Editors: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Thieret 1993 FNANM 2:352–398]

Key to Pinaceae

Stem: crown conic; young branches appearing whorled, drooping or not; bark thin, scaly; twig with persistent, peg-like, spreading, < 2 mm leaf bases, glabrous or hairy; bud conic to ovoid, resinous.
Leaf: often crowded toward upper side of twigs, generally < 3 cm, sessile, ± 4-angled or flat, stiff, often strong-smelling when crushed.
Seed cone: conspicuously terminal or not, pendent, 5–12 cm, maturing 1st yr; stalk 0–1 cm; bract included, ± free from scale.
Seed: wing terminal.
2n=24.
34 species: n hemisphere. (Latin: pitch) Trunks, especially of Picea sitchensis, more flared or buttressed at base than other CA conifers.

Stem: trunk < 66 m, < 5.1 m wide; branches ± drooping; twig glabrous.
Leaf: 1–3 cm, rigid; adaxially ± flat, with 2 faint, ± white bands, abaxially rounded, darker green, with 2 faint, ± white bands or not; tip acute, sharp to touch.
Seed cone: < 10 cm, oblong; scale ± papery, margin ± jagged; bract > 1/2 scale.
Moist soils, especially near coastal river mouths; < 450 m. North Coast;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.