Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to shrub, or non-green root parasite, generally bristly or sharp-hairy.
Stem: prostrate to erect.
Leaf: cauline, often with basal rosette, simple or compound, generally alternate.
Inflorescence: cymes, generally elongate, panicle-, raceme-, or spike-like, generally coiled in flower (often described as scorpioid), generally uncoiled in fruit, or heads, spikes, or panicles, or flowers 1–2 per axil.
Flower: bisexual, generally radial; sepals (4)5(10), fused at least at base, or free; corolla generally (4)5(10)-lobed, salverform, funnel-shaped, rotate, or bell-shaped, appendages 0 or 5 at top of tube, alternate stamens; stamens epipetalous; ovary superior, entire to 4-lobed, style 1(2), entire or 2-lobed or -branched.
Fruit: nutlets 1–4, free ( fused), smooth to roughened, prickly or bristly or not, or valvate or circumscissile capsule.
± 120 genera, ± 2300 species: tropics, temperate, especially w North America, Medit; some cultivated (Borago, Heliotropium, Echium, Myosotis, Nemophila, Phacelia, Symphytum). Many genera may be TOXIC from pyrrolizidine alkaloids or accumulated nitrates. [Olmsted et al. 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Recently treated to include Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae. —Scientific Editors: Ronald B. Kelley, Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Boraginaceae

Annual to perennial herb, generally glandular-hairy, taprooted or from ± thick caudex.
Leaf: generally alternate, simple to 2-pinnately compound, generally ± reduced upward.
Inflorescence: cyme, generally dense, coiled, generally 1-sided; pedicel generally <= 5 mm.
Flower: calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, at least some persistent and withering in fruit in some species, rotate to tubular or bell- or funnel-shaped, ± white, blue, purple, pink or yellow, tube and throat not always clearly differentiated, scales of tube base free or fused to filaments, or scales 0; stamens generally attached at same level, equal, generally exserted; ovary chamber 1, sometimes appearing as 2 due to intrusion of the 2 placentas, placentas parietal, enlarging and meeting in fruit, style 2-lobed, generally hairy below lobes.
Fruit: capsule, oblong to spheric.
Seed: 1–many, oblong to spheric, generally brown; abaxial surface generally pitted or cross-furrowed.
± 175 species: Am; some cultivated for ornamental. (Greek: cluster, from dense inflorescence) Bristly hairs may cause dermatitis. [Gilbert et al. 2005 Syst Bot 30:627–634] Some CA per species intergrade, hybridize, difficult to distinguish. Phacelia ixodes Kellogg, included in TJM (1993), not known from CA.

Annual 5–15 cm.
Stem: ascending to erect, generally many-branched, short-stiff-hairy, glandular-puberulent.
Leaf: 3–10 mm; blade generally = petiole, narrowly oblanceolate to ovate, entire.
Flower: calyx lobes 3–4 mm, 5–7 mm in fruit, subequal, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, short-hairy; corolla ± persistent in fruit, 3–4 mm, narrowly bell-shaped, tube white, lobes blue to violet; stamens 1–2 mm, ± glabrous; style 1–2 mm.
Fruit: 2–3 mm, ovoid, short-stiff-hairy.
Seed: 20–50, ± 0.5 mm, pitted.
Limestone slopes, woodland; 1000–2300 m. East of Sierra Nevada, n Mojave Desert;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.