Common Name: BUCKWHEAT FAMILY Habit: Annual to shrub [tree]. Stem: nodes swollen or not. Leaf: simple, basal or cauline, generally alternate; ocreae present or 0, generally scarious, persistent or not. Inflorescence: flower clusters in axillary to terminal cyme-, panicle-, raceme-, spike-, umbel- or head-like arrangements, entire inflorescence or main inflorescence branches generally subtended by bracts ("inflorescence bracts"); peduncles present or 0; flower clusters in Eriogoneae-Eriogonoideae subtended by involucre of >= 1 free or +- fused, sometimes awn-tipped bracts ("involucre bracts") or, in Polygonoideae and rarely in Eriogonoideae, not (if bracts completely fused, involucre "tubular"); pedicels in Eriogoneae each often subtended by 2 free, transparent, linear bractlets or in Polygonoideae all subtended by 2+ fused, membranous, wide bractlets. Flower: generally bisexual, small, 1--200 per node; perianth parts 2--6, generally in 2 whorls, free or basally fused, generally petal-like, often +- concave adaxially, often darker at midvein, often turning +- red or +- brown in age; stamens [1]3 or 6--9 in 2 whorls; ovary superior, 1-chambered, ovule 1, styles 1--3. Fruit: achenes, included in or exserted from perianth, generally 3-angled, ovoid or elliptic, generally glabrous. Genera In Family: 48 genera, +- 1200 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate; some cultivated for food (Coccoloba, sea-grape; Fagopyrum, Rheum, Rumex) or ornamental (Antigonon, lovechain; Coccoloba; Muehlenbeckia; Persicaria; Polygonum), a few timbered (Coccoloba; Triplaris). Several (Emex; Fallopia; Persicaria; Polygonum; Rumex) are weeds. Note: Treatment of genera in Eriogonoideae based on monographic work of James L. Reveal. Involucre number throughout is number (1--many) per ultimate grouping, at tips of ultimate branches; flower number is per flower cluster or involucre, unless otherwise stated. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench not naturalized, considered an historical waif (or garden weed +- presently), therefore not treated. eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Common Name: SMARTWEED Habit: Annual, perennial herb, rhizomed or stoloned. Stem: prostrate to erect, ribbed or +- so or not, glabrous or hairy, generally with adventitious roots. Leaf: cauline, alternate, petioled or not; ocrea papery, rarely +- leaf-like, opaque, persistent or disintegrating, glabrous to variously hairy; blade lanceolate or ovate to hastate or sagittate, entire. Inflorescence: axillary, terminal, generally spike-like; flowers 1--14; peduncle present, pedicels present [or 0]. Flower: bisexual or functionally +- unisexual, base not stalk-like; perianth not or +- enlarging, bell-shaped (urn-shaped, rotate), glabrous, gland-dotted or not, green-white, white, pink, or red; perianth parts 4--5, fused 1/4--2/3, outer 2 > inner 2 or 3; stamens 5--8, filaments free, cylindric, thread-like, glabrous, outer fused to perianth tube or not, anthers elliptic to ovate, yellow, pink, or red; styles 2--3, erect to reflexed, free or fused, stigmas head-like. Fruit: included or exserted, brown or dark-brown to black, not winged, discoid, lens-shaped, or 3-angled. Seed: embryo curved. Etymology: (Latin: persica, peach, aria, pertaining to; from resemblance of leaves of some species to those of peach) eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea
Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach
WAIF Habit: Annual, rhizomes, stolons 0. Stem: erect, 50--200(250) cm, +- glabrous to hairy, +- ribbed. Leaf: ocrea funnel-shaped, 10--20(25) mm, brown, papery at base, leaf-like distally, margins truncate, ciliate, bristles 1--3 mm, surface strigose, not gland-dotted; petiole 1--9(14) cm; blade 4--25(30) cm, 2--16 cm wide, ovate, scabrous on midveins, strigose to densely hairy especially along veins, not +- gland-dotted, not dark blotched adaxially, base wedge-shaped, tip acute to acuminate. Inflorescence: axillary, terminal, spike-like, nodding or erect, not interrupted, 20--180 mm, 5--20 mm wide; flowers 1--5; peduncle (0)10--50 mm, glabrous, gland-dotted; bractlets not overlapped; pedicels ascending to spreading, 1--5 mm. Flower: perianth +- bell-shaped, 3--4.5 mm, pink to dark pink, not gland-dotted, lobes 5, obovate, margins of same color, veins +- prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, tips obtuse to rounded; stamens 6--8, included or exserted, anthers pink or red; styles 2, fused basally. Fruit: included, 2--3.5 mm, 1.5--3 mm wide, lens-shaped, dark brown to black, shiny to dull, minutely rough. Chromosomes: 2n=22. Ecology: Escaped from cultivation in disturbed places (most likely dispersed by birds); Elevation: < 1500 m. Bioregional Distribution: ScV, SCoRO; Distribution Outside California: western and eastern North America; native to Asia. Jepson eFlora Author: Mihai Costea Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Persicaria maculosa Next taxon: Persicaria pensylvanica
Citation for this treatment: Mihai Costea 2012, Persicaria orientalis, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=37294, accessed on March 28, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on March 28, 2024.
No expert verified images found for Persicaria orientalis.
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