Jepson Herbarium
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to shrub [ tree, vine], glabrous to hairy, generally aromatic.
Stem: generally erect, generally 4-angled.
Leaf: generally simple to deeply lobed, generally opposite, generally gland-dotted.
Inflorescence: generally cymes, generally many in dense axillary clusters surrounding stem, generally separated by evident internodes or collectively crowded, spike- or panicle-like, occasionally head-like or raceme, subtended by leaves or bracts; flowers sessile or pedicelled.
Flower: generally bisexual; calyx generally 5-lobed, radial to bilateral; corolla generally bilateral, 1–2-lipped, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, ± flat to hood-like, occasionally 0, lower lip generally 3-lobed; stamens generally 4, epipetalous, generally exserted, paired, pairs generally unequal, occasionally 2, staminodes 2 or 0; ovary superior, generally 4-lobed to base chambers 2, ovules 2 per chamber, style 1, generally arising from center at junction of lobes, stigmas generally 2.
Fruit: generally 4 nutlets, generally ovoid to oblong, smooth.
± 230 genera, 7200 species: worldwide. Many cultivated for herbs, oils (Lavandula, lavender; Mentha, mint; Rosmarinus, rosemary; Thymus, thyme), some cult as ornamental (in CA Cedronella, Leonotis, Monarda, Phlomis). [Harley et al. 2004 Fam Generally Vasc Plant 7:167–275] Moluccella laevis L., shell flower, historical waif in CA. Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele subsp. ascendens (Jordan) Briq. reported as alien but not naturalized. Salazaria moved to Scutellaria; CA Satureja moved to Clinopodium. —Scientific Editors: Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Lamiaceae

Annual to shrub, ± gland-dotted, scented.
Leaf: entire to serrate, margin flat or wavy; petioles 0 or present, often grading into blade.
Inflorescence: flowers in compact clusters of >= 1 per main stem, these occasionally arrayed in panicles (rarely spikes); flowers 3–100 per cluster; bracts generally erect in a cup-like involucre or reflexed, reduced in size inward, leaf-like to membranous in texture, green or straw-colored to rose or purple, linear to ovate, acuminate to acute or obtuse.
Flower: calyx 5-lobed; 4–25 mm; corolla white to purple or yellow to red, weakly bilateral, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip recurved, 3-lobed; stamens 4; style unequally 2-lobed.
> 30 species: w North America. (Latin: small Monarda) [Elvin & Sanders 2009 Novon 19:315–343; Epling 1925 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 12:1–106; Jepson 1943 Fl California 431–444] Complex; study needed; many taxa intergrade; flower cluster width and bract orientation given for pressed specimens. Lf length including petiole, if present. M. Brunell authored Monardella follettii (in part), Monardella odoratissima (in part), Monardella palmeri, Monardella purpurea, Monardella sheltonii (in part), Monardella stebbinsii, Monardella villosa (in part).
Unabridged references: [Abrams 1951 Ill Fl Pac Sts V III:648–660]

Subshrub.
Stem: 10–45 cm, ascending to erect, sparsely hairy (± glabrous), rarely to occasionally with sparse, stalked, conical glands; distal stem diam 0.5–1.2 mm.
Leaf: 15–50 mm, 5–18 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate, entire, sparsely to densely hairy, green to ash-gray, generally purple-tinged, glands on abaxial face in obvious pits.
Inflorescence: flower clusters 1–several per main stem, 12–28(37) mm wide; generally subtended by unmodified leaves; bracts erect, in cup-like involucre, lanceolate to ovate, acute to obtuse, glabrous to woolly, ciliate, scarious, pale ± green or tinged purple to rose.
Flower: calyx 6–11 mm, tube appressed-hairy, lobes densely spreading-stiff-hairy or woolly, hairs <= 1 mm; corolla 10–20 mm, white, lavender, or purple. Ashy-gray, pale, chaffy-bracted, puberulent plants of ne Siskiyou Co. that have been called Monardella odoratissima subsp. odoratissima intergrade or are intermediate in morphology between subspp. glauca and pallida; plants in NCoRH with spreading, soft, wavy leaf hairs (and highly variable bract morphology) have been called Monardella odoratissima subsp. pinetorum (Heller) Epling (more study needed). [Online Interchange]
Unabridged synonyms: [Monardella ovata Greene; Monardella odoratissima var. ovata (Greene) Jeps.]
Unabridged note: Intergrades with Monardella purpurea (in KR, NCoR), Monardella linoides, Monardella eremicola, and possibly Monardella follettii. Type specimen of Monardella odoratissima subsp. odoratissima is from n WA; ashy-gray, pale, chaffy-bracted, puberulent plants of ne Siskiyou Co. have been called subsp. odoratissima. The distribution of this variant is generally from Little Mount Hoffman (Siskiyou Co.) ne to OR; more study needed. Variation in CA generally as follows: conical glands on stems widespread, but lacking in Wrn and n SN (sw Plumas and n Sierra cos.); leaf hairs most dense in NCoRH (Glenn and Tehama cos.) and c SN (Madera, Tulare, and ne El Dorado cos.); serrate leaves occur in the vicinity of Sonora Pass (Mono and Tuolumne cos.) and near Camel Peak (Plumas Co.), possibly reflecting intergradation with Monardella sheltonii. Lf blade length-to-width ratio generally < 2 in NCoRH, s CaR, and n SN at < 2000 m elevation; leaf blade length-to-width ratio > 3.8 in c SN at > 2000 m elevation (leaf blade width generally negatively correlated with elevation); bract hairs generally least dense in c SN (Mono Co.), most dense in n NCoRH and lower elevations of s SN (Madera and Tulare cos.). Plants with only scarious bracts common in Wrn and e CaR of Siskiyou Co.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.