Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Perennial to tree [ vine], hairs 0 or peltate or not; rarely dioecious.
Leaf: simple to odd-pinnately compound, alternate or generally opposite, deciduous or evergreen; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: various; flowers >= 1.
Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial; calyx generally minute (0), tube cup-shaped, lobes 4–15; petals (0)4–6(8), generally fused; nectar disk often present; stamens (0)2(4–5), epipetalous; pistil 1, ovary superior, chambers 2, each 2–4 ovuled, placenta axile, style 1, stigma generally 2-lobed.
Fruit: drupe, capsule, or winged achene.
Seed: 1 per chamber.
± 25 genera, 900 species: ± worldwide; some cultivated for ornamental (Forsythia; Jasminum, jasmine; Ligustrum, privet; Syringa, lilac) or food (Olea, olive). [Lee et al. 2007 Molec Biol Evol 24:1161–1180] —Scientific Editor: Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Jensen et al. 2002 Phytochemisty 60:213–231; Kim & Jansen 1998 Amer J Bot 85(6): Suppl. 139; Wallander & Albert 2000 Amer J Bot 87(12):1827–1841]

Key to Oleaceae

Perennial to shrub.
Leaf: simple, opposite or alternate, sessile or short-petioled, entire to lobed, prominently 1-veined below.
Inflorescence: axillary cluster or terminal compound cyme.
Flower: bisexual; calyx persistent, lobes (4)5–10(12), ± linear; corolla ± rotate or funnel-shaped, lobes (4)5(8); style slender, stigma head-like, ± 2-lobed.
Fruit: papery capsule, deeply 2-lobed to near base.
Seed: 2–4[8].
± 23 species: Am, s Africa. (Greek: gift of force, for sustenance provided to horses of Humboldt and Bonpland in Mexico) [Chumley 2007 Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ Texas, Austin]
Unabridged references: [Turner 1991 Phytologia 712:340–356; Steyermark 1932 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 19:87–176]

Shrub, dense, mounded, 2–5(6) dm.
Stem: many from generally short, stout trunk, spreading to ascending, round in ×-section, densely puberulent, terminating in thorns, these often appearing forked at ends of major branches.
Leaf: alternate ( leaf-like bracts appearing clustered on short flower shoots), sessile, (2)4–10(16) mm, linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, 3-cleft to middle, densely puberulent, generally only present at flower.
Inflorescence: axillary, compact cluster.
Flower: calyx puberulent, lobes (4)5–6(8), (1.8)2–4(5) mm, linear; corolla white tinged red or purple, red in bud, lobes 4–5(6), obovate.
Fruit: each lobe ± indehiscent, opening irregularly, (5)6.3–7.9(9) mm, ± glabrous to slightly scabrous.
Seed: generally 2; (5)5.7–7.2(8) mm, elliptic to obovate in outline, planoconvex to lenticular in ×-section, seed coat appearing smooth, shiny. [Online Interchange]

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.