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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Annual to tree; generally with stellate hairs, often with bristles or peltate scales; juice generally mucilage-like; bark fibrous.
Leaf: generally cauline, alternate, petioled, simple [palmate- compound], generally palmate-lobed and/or veined, generally toothed, evergreen or not; stipules persistent or not.
Inflorescence: head, spike, raceme, or panicle, in panicle or not (a compound panicle), or flowers >= 1 in leaf axils, or flowers generally 1 opposite a leaf or on a spur; bracts leaf-like or not; bractlets 0 or on flowering stalks, often closely subtending calyx, generally in involucel.
Flower: generally bisexual, radial; sepals 5, generally fused at base, abutting in bud, larger in fruit or not, nectaries as tufts of glandular hairs at base; petals (0)5, free from each other but generally fused at base to, falling with filament tube, clawed or not; stamens 5–many, filaments fused for most of length into tube around style, staminodes 5, alternate stamens, or generally 0; pistil 1, ovary superior, stalked or generally not, chambers generally >= 5, styles or style branches, stigmas generally 1 or 1–2 × chamber number.
Fruit: loculicidal capsule, [ berry], or 5–many, disk- or wedge-shaped segments (= mericarps).
266 genera, 4025 species: worldwide, especially warm regions; some cultivated (e.g., Abelmoschus okra; Alcea hollyhock; Gossypium cotton; Hibiscus hibiscus). [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553] Recently treated to include Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae. Mature fruit needed for identification; "outer edges" are surfaces between sides and back (abaxial surface) of segment. "Fl stalk" used instead of "pedicel", "peduncle", especially where both needed (i.e., when flowers both 1 in leaf axils and otherwise). —Scientific Editors: Steven R. Hill, Thomas J. Rosatti.
Unabridged references: [Alverson et al. 1999 Amer J Bot 86:1474–1486; Bayer et al. 1999 Bot J Linn Soc 129:267–303; Hill 2009 Madroño 56:104–111]
Annual to perennial herb, [ subshrub to tree], ± gland-dotted.
Stem: erect, stellate-hairy to glabrous.
Leaf: petioled; blades ovate, palmate-lobed or -parted, entire; generally not much reduced above; stipules prominent or not.
Inflorescence: flowers 1 in leaf axils or few clustered on axillary short- shoots; flowering stalks generally < flowers; bractlets 3, conspicuous, green, leaf-like, cordate, generally irregularly toothed or fringed, enclosing flower in bud, persisting in fruit.
Flower: calyx fused, tip truncate or 5-toothed; petals cream, yellow, or rose, often with dark spot at base, showy; filament tube 5-toothed at top, anthers scattered entire length; style 1, generally >= filament tube, stigma lobes 3–5, decurrent, generally short or obscure.
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal, ovoid, 3–5-chambered, glabrous, generally prominently gland-dotted.
Seed: generally > 5 mm, obovoid, angled, generally densely long-hairy [(subglabrous)], hairs generally white [tan].
40 species: tropics, subtrop, most Africa, Middle East, Australia, Am. (Greek: cotton; or Arabic: a soft substance)
Unabridged etymology: (Greek: gossypion, cotton; or Arabic: goz or gothn, a soft substance)
[Fryxell 1979 Natural History Cotton Tribe. TAMU Press; Fryxell 1988 Syst Bot Monogr 25:159–178] Gossypium armourianum Kearney (bractlets strap-shaped vs widely cordate-ovate in Gossypium hirsutum), reportedly naturalized in CA, in fact only persisting (albeit for at least 70 yrs) after plantings, and showing "little likelihood of spreading or becoming invasive" (Paul Fryxell, pers. comm.).
Annual to perennial herb, [ shrub], generally widely branching, ± stellate-hairy.
Stem: erect, 0.5–1(2) m.
Leaf: blade 4–10 cm, cordate, lobes 3–5, shallow, lobes widely ovate, acute to acuminate; stipules 0.5–2 cm, generally curved.
Inflorescence: flowering stalks 2–4 cm; bractlets 2–4.5 cm, each above a nectary.
Flower: generally <= leaves; calyx 5–6 mm; petals 2–5 cm, cream or pale yellow, basal dark spot present or not; stamen tube ± 1.5 cm, ± = style.
Fruit: 2–4 cm, widely ovoid to ± spheric, 3–5-celled, glabrous.
Seed: several per chamber, 8–10 mm, ± hidden by long hairs.
2n=52. Uncommon. Disturbed places, roadsides, agricultural land; < 100 m. Sacramento Valley, Sonoran Desert (sporadic);
Previous taxon: Gossypium
Next taxon: Herissantia
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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