Common Name: GERANIUM FAMILY Habit: Annual, perennial herb, or +- woody, generally glandular-hairy. Leaf: simple to compound, basal and cauline; cauline alternate or opposite, stipules 2, +- on stem. Inflorescence: cyme or pseudo-umbel or 1--2-flowered. Flower: bisexual [unisexual], radial or +- bilateral; sepals 5, free, overlapping in bud; petals generally 5, free, generally with nectar glands at base; stamens generally 5,10[15]; staminodes scale-like or 0; ovary generally 5-lobed, upper part elongating into beak in fruit, chambers 5, placentas axile, style 1, stigmas 5, free, persistent in fruit. Fruit: septicidal [loculicidal], mericarps 5, dry, generally 1-seeded, each persistent on 1 of 5 linear segments of beak that separate from central column by curving or coiling upward. Genera In Family: 6 genera, 709 species: temperate, +- tropics. Some cultivated for ornament, perfume oils. eFlora Treatment Author: Carlos Aedo, except as noted Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Common Name: CRANESBILL, GERANIUM Habit: Annual, perennial herb, often +- glandular, especially above. Stem: generally 1--4 mm wide in lower 1/2. Leaf: palmately lobed to divided, +- hairy; segments generally palmately lobed and/or toothed; upper alternate or opposite; blade generally round in outline, base generally cordate. Inflorescence: (1)2-flowered. Flower: radial (+- bilateral); sepals +- awned to mucronate; stamens 10, outer 5 opposite petals (lacking anthers in G. pusillum), inner 5 alternate petals, nectary glands 5, alternate petals. Fruit: mericarp generally ovoid, dehiscent, 1-seeded; basal callus generally present, often with long bristles. Etymology: (Greek: crane, from fruit beak) Note:Geranium yeoi Aedo & Muñoz Garm., native to Atlantic island of Madeira, with petals (14.9)16.2--19.3(20.7) mm and stamen filaments (8.7)9.6--11.3(12.8) mm -- longer than in similar G. robertianum -- documented in NCo of Del Norte Co. (Zika 2009 Madroño 56:130). eFlora Treatment Author: Carlos Aedo Reference: [Aedo 2001 Anales Jard Bot Madrid 59:3--65; Aedo et al. 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:594--630] Unabridged Reference: [Aedo 2000--2001 Anales Jard Bot Madrid 58:39--82, 59:3--65; Aedo et al. 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:594--630]
Geranium carolinianum L.
NATIVE Habit: Annual. Stem: generally erect, 1--7 dm; hairs dense, short, spreading or reflexed. Leaf: blade 2.5--8.5 cm wide, divided 0.7--0.9 to base, segments 5(7), oblong to wedge-shaped. Flower: pedicel 3--11 mm; sepals 5--6.5 mm, smooth, short-awned; petals 5.5--6 mm, +- notched, white to rose-pink. Fruit: mericarp 3--4.5 mm, hairs dense, 0.5--1.8 mm; beak 15--19 mm, narrow tip 1--2 mm; stigmas 0.7--1.4 mm. Seed: faintly pitted. Chromosomes: 2n=52. Ecology: Open to shaded sites, grassland, scrub, forest; Elevation: < 1700 m. Bioregional Distribution: NW (exc NCoRH), CaR, SNF, c SNH, GV, CW (exc SCoRI), SW (exc WTR, SnJt), MP (exc Wrn); Distribution Outside California: to eastern North America; alien in South America, Asia, Europe, Réunion, some Caribbean islands. Flowering Time: Feb--Aug Synonyms: Geranium carolinianum var. carolinianum; Geranium carolinianum var. sphaerospermum (Fernald) Breitung; Geranium sphaerospermum Fernald Jepson eFlora Author: Carlos Aedo Reference: [Aedo 2001 Anales Jard Bot Madrid 59:3--65; Aedo et al. 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:594--630] Index of California Plant Names (ICPN; linked via the Jepson Online Interchange) Previous taxon: Geranium californicum Next taxon: Geranium columbinum
Botanical illustration including Geranium carolinianum
Citation for this treatment: Carlos Aedo 2022, Geranium carolinianum, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, Revision 11, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=26710, accessed on April 16, 2024.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2024, Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/, accessed on April 16, 2024.
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(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
Data provided by the participants of the
Consortium of California Herbaria.
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Blue markers indicate specimens that map to one of the expected Jepson geographic subdivisions (see left map). Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
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CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa, if there are more than 1 infraspecific taxon in CA.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time (fruiting time in some monocot genera).
