Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Perennial, shrub, tree, generally fleshy.
Stem: cylindric to spheric, or flat; surface smooth, tubercled, or ribbed (grooved); nodal areoles bearing flowers.
Leaf: generally 0 or early- deciduous, flat to ± cylindric.
Spines: areoles generally with central, radial spines, occasionally with glochids.
Flower: generally 1 per areole, bisexual [ unisexual], sessile, radial [ bilateral]; perianth parts generally many [5], scale-like to petal-like; stamens many; ovary inferior [superior], style 1, stigma lobes generally several [many].
Fruit: dry to fleshy or juicy, indehiscent to variously dehiscent, spiny, scaly, or naked; tubercled or smooth.
Seed: generally many, occasionally 0–few.
± 125 genera, ± 1800 species: Am (especially deserts), Africa; many cultivated, some edible. [Parfitt & Gibson 2004 FNANM 4:92–257] Spines smaller, fewer (0) in shade forms; yellow spines blacken in age. Introduced species increasingly escape cultivation. Hybridization common in some genera. Taxa of Escobaria in TJM (1993) moved to Coryphantha. —Scientific Editors: Bruce D. Parfitt, Douglas H. Goldman, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Hunt 2006 The New Cactus Lexicon, DH Books, Milborne Port, England]

Key to Cactaceae

Generally erect to ascending, [sprawling, pendent, or decumbent], branched or not, branches generally few–500, occasionally in dense mounds.
Stem: [2]5–60[200]cm, (1)4–15 cm diam, spheric to long- cylindric, soft, not regularly segmented; ribs prominent, 4–13[26], tubercles ± 0 along rib-crests.
Spines: [0]4–55 per areole, < 2 mm diam, needle- to dagger-like, glabrous to puberulent, straight, curved, or curly; central spines (0)1–6(9).
Flower: lateral, near distal margin of spine cluster; perianth purple to lavender, orange, or red [yellow or green]; ovary glabrous, spiny, scales minute.
Fruit: spheric to obovoid, indehiscent or splitting laterally, densely spiny, spine clusters deciduous.
Seed: 0.8–2 mm, obovoid to ± spheric, dull, wrinkled or tubercled, generally black.
49 species: sw US, Mex. (Greek: hedgehog + Cereus) [Taylor 1985 The Genus Echinocereus. Timber Press]

Plant generally forming dense mounds to 1 m diam.
Stem: 1–500, 5–40 cm, 5–15 cm diam, ± spheric to cylindric; ribs 5–12; tubercles ± prominent on ribs.
Spines: 3–11 per areole, highly variable, generally gray; central spines (0)1–6, similar to radial spines, generally curved or curly and twisted.
Flower: narrowly funnel-shaped.
Fruit: 20–25 mm, spines minutely puberulent.
2n=22. Dry habitats; 150–3000 m. White and Inyo Mountains, Desert;

Previous taxon: Echinocereus engelmannii
Next taxon: Ferocactus

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.