Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to perennial herb (to tree).
Leaf: cauline or basal, alternate, opposite, or whorled, generally simple and toothed (to pinnately compound); stipules 0 or generally deciduous.
Inflorescence: spike, raceme, panicle, or flowers 1 in axils; bracted.
Flower: generally bisexual, generally radial, often opening at either dawn or dusk; hypanthium generally prolonged beyond ovary (measured from ovary tip to sepal base); sepals 4(2–7); petals 4(2–7, rarely 0), often fading darker; stamens 2 × or = sepals in number, anthers 2-chambered, opening lengthwise, pollen interconnected by threads; ovary inferior, chambers generally as many as sepals (sometimes becoming 1), placentas axile or parietal, ovules 1–many per chamber, style 1, stigma 4-lobed (or lobes as many as sepals), club-shaped, spheric, or hemispheric.
Fruit: capsule, loculicidal (sometimes berry or indehiscent and nut-like).
Seed: sometimes winged or hair-tufted.
22 genera, ± 657 species: worldwide, especially w North America; many cultivated (Clarkia, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Oenothera). [Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1–240] Gaura moved to Oenothera. Fuchsia magellanica Lam. naturalized in n CA. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Unabridged references: [Munz 1965 North America Fl II 5:1–278]

Key to Onagraceae

Annual, from taproot; rosette generally ± 0.
Leaf: cauline, alternate, simple, generally linear to narrowly elliptic.
Inflorescence: bracted; spike, nodding in bud, flower only at distal nodes.
Flower: radial, generally opening at dawn; sepals 4, reflexed singly or in pairs; petals 4, yellow, generally fading red, often with red basal spots; stamens 8, longer ones opposite sepals, anthers attached at middle, pollen grains 3-angled except in polyploid taxa, at 20×; ovary chambers 4, stigma hemispheric, generally > anthers and cross-pollinated, or ± = anthers and self-pollinated.
Fruit: ± cylindric, straight to wavy, distorted by seeds at maturity, dehiscent throughout most of its length, generally sessile.
Seed: in 1 row per chamber, narrowly obovoid, smooth (minutely pitted), glossy.
12 species: w North America (especially CA-FP), 1 South America. (L.A. von Chamisso, French-born German botanist, 1781–1838) [Wagner et al. 2007 Syst Bot Monogr 83:1–240] Polyploidy and self-pollination have predominated in evolution of genus. Not monophyletic as treated in TJM (1993); segregates moved to Camissoniopsis, Chylismia, Chylismiella, Eremothera, Eulobus, Neoholmgrenia, Taraxia, Tetrapteron (Wagner et al. 2007).
Unabridged references: [Raven 1969 Contr US Natl Herb 37:161–396]

Slender; hairs spreading, generally of 1 type (rod-shaped, transparent) only at plant base or throughout, in inflorescence also sparsely glandular.
Stem: decumbent or erect, generally 3–30 cm, wiry, peeling.
Leaf: generally 10–35 mm, linear to narrowly elliptic, minutely serrate, generally blue-green.
Flower: hypanthium 1.2–2.3 mm; sepals 2.5–4 mm, remaining adherent in pairs; petals 3–5 mm, yellow fading ± red, basal spots 0 or 2; generally > 30% of pollen grains 4-angled.
Fruit: generally 25–35 mm, 0.7–1.2 mm wide, ± swollen by seeds, straight or wavy, ± sessile.
Seed: 0.7–0.9 mm.
2n=42. Sandy soil, slopes, flats, often disturbed, grassland, chaparral, pinyon/juniper woodland; < 2300 m. Northwestern California, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada Foothills, Great Central Valley, Central Western California, Modoc Plateau;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.