Jepson Herbarium
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

Annual to perennial herb; generally fleshy.
Stem: 1–many, generally glabrous.
Leaf: simple, alternate or opposite.
Inflorescence: axillary or terminal; cyme, raceme, panicle, umbel, or flower 1.
Flower: bisexual, radial; sepals generally 2(9), free; petals (1)2–19, free or ± fused; stamens 1–many, epipetalous or not, anthers pink, rose, or yellow; ovary superior, chamber 1, ovules 1–many, placenta basal or free-central; styles (0)1–8, generally fused at base, branched.
Fruit: capsule, circumscissile or 2–3-valved.
Seed: 1–many, shiny or ± pebbly or sculptured, black or gray, generally with oil-filled appendage as food for ants.
± 22 genera, ± 230 species: generally temperate America, Asia, Australia, Eur, Kerguelen Is, New Zealand, s Africa, poorly represented in Eur; some cultivated (Lewisia, Calandrinia). [Ogburn & Edwards 2009 Amer J Bot 96:391–408] Details of flowers, seeds require 20× magnification. —Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Unabridged references: [Applequist et al. 2006 Syst Bot 31:310–319; Nyffeler et al. 2008 Haseltonia 14: 26–36]
Unabridged note: May include Hectorellaceae.

Key to Montiaceae

Annual, perennial herb, ± fleshy, from taproot or fibrous roots, glabrous.
Stem: 1–several, generally spreading to ascending.
Leaf: basal or basal and cauline, simple, oblanceolate to spoon-shaped; basal rosetted.
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, or umbel, scapose, bracts generally < sepals, leaf-like or not; flowers generally on 1 side of axis, persistent in fruit or not; pedicels ± jointed with a transverse groove or constriction.
Flower: sepals 2, ovate to reniform, generally scarious or scarious-margined, persistent in fruit; petals 2–4, < sepals, tips adherent, forming cap in fruit ( fruit cap), falling as 1 unit; stamens 1–3, anthers pink, rose, or yellow; style included to exserted, stigmas 2.
Fruit: 2-valved, generally compressed, narrowly oblong to ± round, generally translucent, deciduous or not.
Seed: 1–many, black, dull, fine- to coarse- papillate to shiny, smooth.
8 species: w North America. (Greek: cap, for petal tips in fruit) [Hershkovitz 2006 Gayana Bot 63:13–74]
Unabridged references: [Hershkovitz 1990 Phytologia 68:267–270; Hershkovitz 1991a Ann Missouri Bot Gard 78:1009–1021; Hershkovitz 1991b Phytologia 70:209–225; Hershkovitz 1992 Syst Bot 17:220–238; Hershkovitz & Zimmer 2000 Molec Phylogen Evol 15:419–439; Hinton 1975 Brittonia 27:197–208; Howell 1945 Leafl W Bot 4:214–216; Kelley et al. 2003 FNANM: 4:460–464; Thomas 1956 Leafl W Bot 8:9–11]

Perennial < 50 cm; caudex short, thick; taproot slender to thick.
Stem: generally spreading to ascending, leafy to not.
Leaf: basal 1.5–6 cm, rosette 1; cauline generally present, 0.8–3 cm.
Inflorescence: axillary, umbel, ± open ( dense in small plants), >= 2 per rosette, 1–10 cm diam; pedicel ± 0 to short.
Flower: sepals 3–8 mm, ± round, scarious; petals 4, 3–7 mm, rose to white; stamens 3, anthers pink to rose; style 2–4 mm, thread-like, exserted, falling with fruit cap.
Fruit: 2–3.5 mm, widely ovate to ± round; deciduous or not.
Seed: 1–4(8).
2n=44. Open areas, sandy or gravelly soils, conifer forest; 300–3970 m. Klamath Ranges, High North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada, San Francisco Bay Area, Transverse Ranges, San Jacinto Mountains, Great Basin Floristic Province;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.