Jepson Herbarium
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Perennial from membranous bulb or scaly rhizome.
Stem: underground or erect, branched or not.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate, subopposite, or whorled.
Inflorescence: raceme, panicle, ± umbel-like or not.
Flower: perianth parts 6 in 2 generally petal-like whorls, often showy; stamens 3 or 6, filaments free or ± fused to perianth, anthers attached at base or near middle; ovary superior or ± so, style 1, entire or 3-lobed.
Fruit: capsule or berry.
Seed: 3–many, flat or angled, brown to black.
16 genera, 635 species: n temperate. Users strongly encouraged to protect plants by working around need to see underground parts in using keys, e.g., by trying both leads in couplets solely dependent on such characters. Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. an historical waif in CA. Other TJM (1993) taxa moved to Agavaceae (Agave, Camassia, Chlorogalum, Hastingsia, Hesperocallis, Hesperoyucca, Leucocrinum, Yucca), Alliaceae (Allium, Ipheion, Nothoscordum), Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis, Narcissus, Pancratium), Asparagaceae (Asparagus), Asphodelaceae (Aloe, Asphodelus, Kniphofia), Melanthiaceae (Pseudotrillium, Stenanthium, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Veratrum, Xerophyllum), Nartheciaceae (Narthecium), Ruscaceae (Maianthemum, Nolina), Smilacaceae (Smilax), Tecophilaeaceae (Odontostomum), Themidaceae (Androstephium, Bloomeria, Brodiaea, Dichelostemma, Muilla, Triteleia), and Tofieldiaceae (Triantha). North America species of Disporum now in Prosartes. —Scientific Editors: Dale W. McNeal, Thomas J. Rosatti.

Key to Liliaceae

Bulb coat generally membranous, occasionally fibrous.
Stem: scapose or leafy, generally erect, generally branched, bulblets in axils of lower leaves or 0.
Leaf: generally linear to lanceolate; basal leaf 1, persistent or not; cauline leaves 0–several, occasionally appearing basal, generally smaller upward, withering or not.
Inflorescence: often ± umbel-like; flowers 2–many; bracts 0–several, generally opposite, often paired.
Flower: perianth ± closed, spheric to oblong, or open, bell-shaped or ± rotate; sepals generally < petals, generally ± lanceolate ( ovate), generally ± glabrous; petals generally widely wedge-shaped, occasionally clawed, generally hairy adaxially, nectary near base; stamens 6, filaments ± flat, often dilated at base, anthers generally attached at base or appearing so; style 1, stigmas 3.
Fruit: capsule, septicidal; oblong or linear, generally 3-angled or -winged, chambers 3.
Seed: many in 2 rows per chamber, flat, generally ± tan or ± yellow, translucent, or irregular dark brown, often net-like.
± 67 species: w North America, C.Am; many cultivated. (Greek: beautiful grass) Bulbs of some eaten by Native Americans. Many taxa variable, difficult to key.
Unabridged references: [Patterson & Givnish 2003 New Phytologist 161:253–264]

Stem: 10–25 cm, generally simple.
Leaf: basal 5–15 cm, persistent; cauline 0.
Inflorescence: flowers 1–several, erect; bracts generally 2, 1–2(5) cm.
Flower: perianth bell-shaped, white to pale lavender; sepals 10–12 mm, lance- ovate; petals 14–16 mm, not ciliate, ± glabrous, nectary transverse, shallow, bordered below by wide, ciliate membrane; filaments 4–5 mm, dilated at base, anthers 3–4 mm, obtuse to short pointed, purple.
Fruit: erect, 15–20 mm, widely elliptic, winged.
Seed: irregular, light brown, net-like.
2n=20. Moist, grassy areas, lake, bog margins; 1200–2500 m. Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range;

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.