Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to shrub, some aquatic.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate or opposite ( whorled), simple, entire to dentate or lobed, venation generally pinnate; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, or flowers axillary in 1–few-flowered clusters; flowers few to many, each subtended by 1 bract.
Flower: unisexual or bisexual, radial or bilateral; sepals 4–5, generally fused at base; corolla 4–5-lobed, scarious or not, persistent or not, generally 2-lipped, upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower generally 3-lobed, spur present or not, tube sac-like at base or not; stamens 2 or 4, alternate corolla lobes, epipetalous, staminode 0 or 1–2, anthers opening by 2 slits; ovary superior, [1]2–4-chambered, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: generally a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, circumscissile, or dehiscing by terminal slits or pores.
110 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide, especially temperate. [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Olmstead et al. 2001 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al. Recently treated to include Callitrichaceae, Hippuridaceae, and most non-parasitic CA genera of Scrophulariaceae (except Buddleja, Limosella, Mimulus, Myoporum, Scrophularia, Verbascum). CA Maurandya moved to Holmgrenanthe and Maurandella. Limnophila ×ludoviciana Thieret an occasional agricultural weed in rice fields. Hebe ×franciscana (Eastw.) Souster, Hebe speciosa (R. Cunn.) Andersen only cultivated. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Plantaginaceae

Annual [per], in water or on wet ground; monoecious [ dioecious].
Stem: slender, generally ascending under water, floating on surface, or prostrate on ground, generally much-branched.
Leaf: generally opposite, 4-ranked, lance- linear to spoon-shaped, entire [lobed].
Inflorescence: flowers 1–2(4) per leaf axil, bracts 2, ± white, generally inflated, or 0.
Flower: minute, unisexual; perianth 0.
Staminate flower: stamen 1, filament elongate.
Pistillate flower: ovary superior, slightly lobed at tip and base, chambers 4, styles 2, thread-like.
Fruit: 0.6–1.6[2.4] mm, ± dry, ± grooved lengthwise, splitting into 4 achene-like units.
± 75 species: tropics, temperate. (Greek: beautiful hair, from long linear submerged leaves of some of Medit taxa) [Lansdown 2009 Novon 19:364–369] Taxonomically difficult; mature fruit and 10× magnification needed for identification. Callitriche peploides Nutt. a nursery weed in s CA; Callitriche stenocarpa Hegelm., misappl. to various CA taxa, but recorded from many sites in the Rocky Mtns and could be expected in CA.
Unabridged references: [Fassett 1951 Rhodora 53:137–155, 161–182, 185–194, 209–222; Philbrick & Jansen 1991 Syst Bot 16:478–491; Philbrick & Les 2000 Aq Bot 68:123–141]

Leaf: spoon-shaped, gradually to abruptly narrowed to petiole; blade 2.8–5 mm, 1.8–3.3 mm wide; petiole 1–5.7 mm.
Inflorescence: bracts 0.4–0.8 mm, early- deciduous; flowers generally 1 staminate, 1(2) pistillate in each axil.
Fruit: peduncles 2–25 mm; 1–1.2 mm, 0.9–1.2 mm wide, black; wing 0.03–0.1, narrowly winged from tip to base.
Becoming stranded or submersed in vernal pools; < 625 m. Inner North Coast Ranges, Cascade Range Foothills, Great Central Valley, San Francisco Bay Area, w Peninsular Ranges.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.