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| Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera |
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Indexes to all accepted names and synonyms: | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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Shrub, tree; monoecious.
Stem: trunk < 35 m; bark smooth to scaly, peeling in thin layers or not, lenticels present or not.
Leaf: simple, alternate, petioled, deciduous; stipules deciduous; blade ovate to elliptic, generally serrate, generally ± doubly so.
Inflorescence: catkin, generally appearing before leaves, often clustered; bracts each subtending 2–3 flowers, 3–6 bractlets.
Staminate inflorescence: pendent, ± elongate.
Pistillate inflorescence: pendent or erect, developing variously in fruit (see key to genera).
Staminate flower: sepals 0–4, minute; petals 0; stamens 1–10; pistil vestigial or 0.
Pistillate flower: sepals 0–4; petals 0; stamens 0; pistil 1, ovary inferior or superior, chambers 2, each 1-ovuled by abortion, stigmas 2.
Fruit: achene, nut, winged or not, subtended or enclosed by 1–2 bracts.
6 genera, 155 species: generally n hemisphere; some cultivated. [Furlow 1997 FNANM 3:507–538] —Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti.
Key to Betula
Stem: trunk < 30 m; bark smooth or scaly, aromatic, often peeling in thin layers; twigs puberulent, glandular, or both; lenticels prominent; winter buds sessile, 3-scaled.
Leaf: glandular-hairy; blade 2–5 cm, wide- elliptic, base ± truncate to tapered.
Staminate inflorescence: 2–7 cm; bracts each subtending 3 flowers, 3 bractlets.
Pistillate inflorescence: 2–3 cm; bracts each subtending 3 flowers, 3 bractlets.
Staminate flower: sepals 4; stamens 2.
Pistillate flower: sepals 0.
Fruit: many, in a non- cone-like catkin, not enclosed by bract, winged; bracts lobed, papery, released with but not attached to fruit.
50 species: circumboreal. (Latin: birch) Important wildlife food; wood used for interior finishing; many species cultivated.
Stem: trunks to 10 m; bark red-brown to black, not peeling; twigs with large resin glands, hairy.
Leaf: petiole < 15 mm, hairy; blade 2–5 cm, wide- ovate, glands especially adaxially, base ± truncate to tapered.
Pistillate inflorescence: 3–5 cm; bract fringed with hairs.
Streamsides, springs; 600–2900 m. Klamath Ranges, High Cascade Range, High Sierra Nevada, Great Basin Floristic Province, Desert Mountains;
Previous taxon: Betula glandulosa
Next taxon: Corylus
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
Copyright © 2012 Regents of the University of California
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.
| Bioregions in which taxon occurs | Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may have georeferencing or identification issues. |
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Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates. | Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
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