Jepson Herbarium
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Annual to shrub, some aquatic.
Leaf: basal or cauline, alternate or opposite ( whorled), simple, entire to dentate or lobed, venation generally pinnate; stipules 0.
Inflorescence: raceme, spike, or flowers axillary in 1–few-flowered clusters; flowers few to many, each subtended by 1 bract.
Flower: unisexual or bisexual, radial or bilateral; sepals 4–5, generally fused at base; corolla 4–5-lobed, scarious or not, persistent or not, generally 2-lipped, upper lip generally 2-lobed, lower generally 3-lobed, spur present or not, tube sac-like at base or not; stamens 2 or 4, alternate corolla lobes, epipetalous, staminode 0 or 1–2, anthers opening by 2 slits; ovary superior, [1]2–4-chambered, style 1, stigma lobes 0 or 2.
Fruit: generally a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, circumscissile, or dehiscing by terminal slits or pores.
110 genera, ± 2000 species: worldwide, especially temperate. [Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 85:531–553; Olmstead et al. 2001 Molec Phylogen Evol 16:96–112] Veronicaceae sensu Olmstead et al. Recently treated to include Callitrichaceae, Hippuridaceae, and most non-parasitic CA genera of Scrophulariaceae (except Buddleja, Limosella, Mimulus, Myoporum, Scrophularia, Verbascum). CA Maurandya moved to Holmgrenanthe and Maurandella. Limnophila ×ludoviciana Thieret an occasional agricultural weed in rice fields. Hebe ×franciscana (Eastw.) Souster, Hebe speciosa (R. Cunn.) Andersen only cultivated. —Scientific Editors: Robert Patterson, Bruce G. Baldwin.

Key to Plantaginaceae

Annual, perennial herb, glabrous to hairy.
Stem: ascending, erect, or vine-like, often clinging by twining pedicels or branchlets.
Leaf: proximal generally opposite, distal alternate, generally reduced distally on stem; veins pinnate.
Inflorescence: cleistogamous or opening; raceme or flower 1 in axils.
Flower: uppermost calyx lobe generally largest; corolla tube of opening flowers truncate or with rounded sac-like extension at base, lower lip base generally swollen, closing throat; stamens 4, generally included, staminode 0; style included, straight or curved, glabrous or glandular-puberulent to near tip, stigma inconspicuous.
Fruit: ovoid to spheric; chambers 2, generally dehiscent by 1–2 pores near tip, lower chamber generally larger, upper occasionally indehiscent.
Seed: many, generally with tubercles or netted ridges, winged or not.
35 species: w North America, w Medit. (Greek: nose-like, from corolla shape) [Oyama & Baum 2004 Amer J Bot 91:918–925; Vargas et al. 2004 Plant Syst Evol 249:151–172] North America taxa more closely related to Mohavea than to Medit taxa; revision needed. Antirrhinum cyathiferum moved to Pseudorontium.
Unabridged references: [Ghebrehiwet et al. 2000 Plant Syst Evol 220:223–239; Thompson 1988 Syst Bot Monogr 22:1–142]

Annual, glandular-hairy.
Stem: erect but weak, often clinging to other plants or debris, 8–60 cm.
Leaf: petiole 0–15 mm; blade 4–49 mm, lanceolate to obovate.
Inflorescence: raceme-like or flowers 1 in axils, flowers all opening; pedicels 2–5 mm, proximal-most generally subtended by twining branchlets.
Flower: calyx lobes unequal, 4–5 mm, upper 11–12 mm; corolla 17–20 mm, cream, pink-tinged, lower lip base not swollen, not closing throat, throat floor with 2 longitudinal folds (unique in genus).
Fruit: 7–10 mm, oblique-ovoid, chambers unequal; style projecting forward.
Seed: ± 1 mm, ovate, black, ridged.
n=16. Heavy, adobe-clay soils on gentle, open slopes, also disturbed areas; 200–1400 m. s San Joaquin Valley (especially w Kern, e San Luis Obispo cos.), s Inner South Coast Ranges, w Western Transverse Ranges.

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].

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Bioregions in which taxon occurs	Red area (if present) is the part of the bioregion lying between the upper and lower elevation limits of the taxon; markers link to CCH specimen records. If the markers are obscured, reload the page [or change window size and reload]. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues.
Chart based on elevation range in Manual and elevations and coordinates of CCH records. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. Note: About half of the CCH records include both elevation and coordinates.	Map made in collaboration with Scott Loarie. Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria. View all CCH records   CCH collections by month Duplicates counted once; synonyms included. Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa. Blue line denotes Manual flowering time.