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| Jepson eFlora
Key to families | Table of families and genera This text currently parallels The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition that is now available at the University of California Press. Text appearing in blue on this page will not appear in the printed book; it will be displayed only on the Web. Specimen numbers are hyperlinked to records in the Consortium of California Herbaria data view where possible. Taxa are hyperlinked to entries in the Jepson Interchange via the "[Online Interchange]" link. |
Annual, perennial herb, shrub.
Stem: prostrate to erect.
Leaf: generally opposite ( alternate, whorled), each pair at right angles to those below, above, generally persistent; blade narrow- linear to ovate or cordate.
Inflorescence: terminal or at generally upper nodes, umbel-like cyme.
Flower: ring of tissue at base of corolla 0; filament column appendages (hoods) free, elevated above corolla base or not, each often with an elongate projection (horn) attached to inside, margins converging and meeting or nearly meeting adaxially but not fused; anthers fused into anther head around and fused to pistil head, pollen in pollinia; pistil head flat or conic on top; nectaries in stigmatic chambers.
Fruit: erect (but generally on pendent pedicel) or pendent, lance- ovoid to ovoid, smooth or with tubercles.
In narrow sense of genus, 100 species: North America, C.Am, perhaps South America. (Greek physician Aesculapius) Fresh flowers generally better for determining relative positions of parts; hoods may have near anther head 2 ± sickle shaped lobes each that may ± resemble horns.
Unabridged references: [Liede-Schumann & Meve 2006 http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/planta2/research/databases/delta_as/www/asclep.htm; Woodson 1954 Ann Missouri Bot Gard 41:1–211]
1. Lvs ephemeral (stem generally leafless), narrow-linear
2. Hoods exceeded by anther head ..... A. albicans
2' Hoods much exceeding anther head ..... A. subulata
1' Lvs persistent, narrow-linear to wide-ovate or -elliptic
3. Lvs 1 per node (alternate or subwhorled)
4. Lvs alternate to subwhorled, generally linear-lanceolate; hoods not elevated above corolla base, ± reflexed to spreading at base, at ± same level as anther head ..... A. asperula subsp. asperula
4' Lvs alternate, linear; hoods generally elevated above corolla base, ± erect at base, exceeding anther head ..... A. linaria
3' Lvs > 1 per node (opposite or whorled)
5. Horn 0 or included in hood
6. Hoods not or ± exceeded by anther head
7. Lf sessile, blade base clasping stem; corolla dark red-purple ..... A. cordifolia
7' Lf short-petioled or sessile, blade base rarely clasping stem; corolla green-yellow or white
8. Lf ± cordate or ovate to ± round; corolla green-yellow, lobes 10–15 mm; fruit glabrous, prickles 0 ..... A. cryptoceras
8' Lf linear or narrow- to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla white, lobes 7–8 mm; fruit puberulent, with thread-like prickles ..... [A. fruticosa]
6' Hoods exceeded by anther head
9. St decumbent to ± ascending; plant dense-hairy, ± white (appearing woolly at arm's length); tops of hoods exceeding base of anther head (hoods, anther head overlapped) ..... A. californica
9' St prostrate (and ± flat); plant ± hairy, green (appearing glabrous at arm's length); tops of hoods exceeded by base of anther head (hoods, anther head not overlapped) ..... A. solanoana
5' Horn exserted from hood
10. Horn generally exceeding hood ..... A. fascicularis
10a. Filament column ± 2 mm; leaves opposite, without clusters of smaller leaves in axils; corolla bright crimson, rarely yellow or white ..... [A. curassavica]
10a' Filament column ± 1 mm; leaves opposite (and reduced, on sterile branches) or whorled, often with clusters of smaller leaves in axils; corolla green-white, purple-tinged or not ..... A. fascicularis
10' Horn at ± same level as to much exceeded by hood
11. Hoods exceeding anther head by at least 1/2 their lengths
12. Hoods at ± same level as exserted horns, ± erect, tips rounded ..... A. nyctaginifolia
12' Hoods much exceeding exserted horns, ± ascending, tips acute ..... A. speciosa
11' Hoods not exceeding anther head by at least 1/2 their lengths
13. Infls at nodes sessile or nearly so ..... A. vestita
13' Infls at nodes peduncled
14. Lvs generally broad-elliptic, rarely lanceolate to ovate, tip obtuse to truncate or notched. (Extirpated) ..... A. latifolia
14' Lvs elliptic, lanceolate, or ovate, tip acute to acuminate
15. Lvs opposite or whorled, short-petioled to sessile, blade bases tapered to obtuse, rarely cordate, margins generally not wavy, generally entire; hoods exceeded by to at ± same level as anther head; seed 8–9 mm ..... A. eriocarpa
15' Lvs opposite, generally sessile, blade bases tapered to cordate, margins generally ± wavy and/or ± jagged; hoods ± exceeding anther head; seed 10–13 mm ..... A. erosa
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
We encourage links to these pages, but the content may not be downloaded for reposting, repackaging, redistributing, or sale in any form, without written permission from The Jepson Herbarium.