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| Jepson eFlora
Key to families | Table of families and genera This text currently parallels The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition that is now available at the University of California Press. Text appearing in blue on this page will not appear in the printed book; it will be displayed only on the Web. Specimen numbers are hyperlinked to records in the Consortium of California Herbaria data view where possible. Taxa are hyperlinked to entries in the Jepson Interchange via the "[Online Interchange]" link. |
Annual < 1.5 m.
Stem: prostrate to erect, glabrous, often glaucous, or puberulent ( hairs long, spreading).
Leaf: pinnately veined; petiole < 4 cm or 0; blade 1–10 cm, linear to elliptic or ovate, entire or shallow-toothed, glabrous or sparsely puberulent.
Inflorescence: spike, raceme; bracts leaf-like; axis in bud straight or recurved at tip, in flower ± straight; buds erect or not.
Flower: hypanthium obconic to cup-shaped, or long, slender, generally with ring of hairs within; sepals 4, generally fused to tip in bud, reflexed at least at base, staying fused at least at tip, in 4s or 2s, or all coming free; corolla bowl-shaped to rotate, petals 5–60 mm, often lobed or clawed, lavender or pink to dark red, pale yellow, or white, often spotted, flecked, or streaked with red, purple, or white; stamens 8, in 2 like or unlike series, or 4, filaments cylindric to wider distally, subtended by ciliate scales or generally not, anthers attached at base, pollen white or yellow to blue-gray, lavender, or ± red; ovary 4-chambered, glabrous or not, cylindric, fusiform, or wider distally, generally shallowly to deeply 4- or 8-grooved, stigma lobes 4, generally prominent.
Fruit: generally capsule, elongate (short, indehiscent, nut-like).
Seed: generally many, rarely 1–2, 0.5–2 mm, angled, crested or not, brown, gray, or mottled.
± 41 species: w North America, 1 South America. (Captain William Clark, 1770–1838, of Lewis & Clark Expedition) [Lewis & Lewis 1955 Univ Calif Publ Bot 20:241–392] Self-fertile; self-pollinated or outcrossed; on herbarium specimens, curvature of inflorescence axis in bud generally reliable, pollen color generally not.
1. Fr 2–3 mm, nut-like, indehiscent, 1–2-seeded ..... C. heterandra
1' Fr > 5 mm, not nut-like, dehiscent, many-seeded
2. Stamens 4; petals 3-lobed
3. Petal length ± = width, middle lobe narrower ..... C. breweri
3' Petal length ± 2 × width, lobes ± equally wide ..... C. concinna
4. Stigma exserted beyond anthers; petals 15–30 mm ..... subsp. concinna
4' Stigma not exserted beyond anthers; petals 10–20 mm
5. Petal lobes prominent, separated by deep sinuses ..... subsp. automixa
5' Petal lobes short, not separated by deep sinuses ..... subsp. raichei
2' Stamens 8; petals not 3-lobed
6. Axis of inflorescence in bud straight; buds erect or reflexed
7. Buds reflexed; corolla rotate or bowl-shaped; inner anthers < outer, paler
8. Petal lobes 2, with slender tooth between ..... C. xantiana
9. Petals 6–12 mm; stigma not exserted beyond anthers ..... subsp. parviflora
9' Petals 12–20 mm; stigma exserted beyond anthers ..... subsp. xantiana
8' Petals entire
10. Corolla bowl-shaped; petals not clawed
11. Seeds brown; s SCoRO (San Luis Obispo Co. and s), SCo, WTR, nw PR ..... C. bottae
11' Seeds gray; n SCoRO (Monterey Co.) ..... C. jolonensis
10' Corolla rotate; petals clawed
12. Petal claw < blade ..... C. delicata
12' Petal claw >= blade
13. Calyx and ovary puberulent and with longer, straight, spreading hairs < 3 mm ..... C. unguiculata
13' Calyx and ovary sparsely to densely puberulent, longer straight spreading hairs 0
14. Lvs bright green, not glaucous ..... C. exilis
14' Lvs gray-green or ± red, glaucous
15. Sepals generally dark red-purple — stigma exserted beyond anthers ..... C. springvillensis
15' Sepals green, red-tinged or not ..... C. tembloriensis
16. Petals ± 10 mm wide; stigma not exserted beyond anthers ..... subsp. calientensis
16' Petals generally < 10 mm wide; stigma exserted beyond anthers or not ..... subsp. tembloriensis
7' Buds erect; corolla bowl-shaped; anthers alike
17. Sepals staying fused in 4s
18. Ovary and immature fruit 8-grooved
19. Petals 5–15 mm; immature fruit cylindric ..... C. affinis
19' Petals 30–60 mm; immature fruit fusiform ..... C. amoena subsp. whitneyi
18' Ovary and immature fruit 4-grooved
20. Petals with red spot or marks near middle ..... C. amoena
21. St decumbent; inflorescence dense; internode generally < subtending flower ..... subsp. amoena
21' St erect; inflorescence open; internode generally > subtending flower ..... subsp. huntiana
20' Petals with ± red spot or zone at base
22. Petals 5–13 mm; stigma not exserted beyond anthers ..... C. franciscana
22' Petals 10–30 mm; stigma exserted beyond anthers ..... C. rubicunda
17' Sepals all coming free or staying fused in 2s
23. Stigma not exserted beyond anthers; petals 5–15 mm
24. St generally erect; leaves generally linear to lanceolate, acute ..... C. purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera
24' St prostrate to decumbent; leaves elliptic to obovate, tip generally obtuse
25. Petals 5–11 mm, spot 0 ..... C. davyi
25' Petals 10–15 mm, ± red spot above base ..... C. prostrata
23' Stigma exserted beyond anthers; petals generally 15–30 mm
26. Sepals free at tip in bud ..... C. williamsonii
26' Sepals fused to tip in bud
27. Infl dense; ovary at flowering > distal internode
28. Hypanthium conspicuously veined; petals with a large wedge-shaped purple-red spot distally ..... C. imbricata
28' Hypanthium not conspicuously veined; petal spot near middle
29. Lvs broadly lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, glabrous to sparsely puberulent ..... C. purpurea subsp. purpurea
29' Lvs lanceolate, puberulent ..... C. speciosa subsp. nitens
27' Infl open; ovary at flowering < distal internode
30. Petals lacking red or red-purple spot ..... C. speciosa subsp. immaculata
30' Petals with red or red-purple spot
31. Petal spot distal (darker proximally or not) ..... C. purpurea subsp. viminea
31' Petal spot near middle
32. Fls many on well-developed branches; s SNF, Teh ..... C. speciosa subsp. polyantha
32' Fls few on well-developed branches; SCoR ..... C. speciosa subsp. speciosa
6' Axis of inflorescence in bud recurved at tip; buds pendent
33. Petal claw broad, 2-lobed
34. Stigma not exserted beyond anthers; petals 6–12 mm
35. Petals generally spotted; pollen blue-gray ..... C. rhomboidea
35' Petals unspotted; pollen yellow ..... C. stellata
34' Stigma exserted beyond anthers; petals generally > 12 mm
36. Axis of inflorescence in bud recurved within 3 nodes of open flower; petal length 1.4–1.6 × width ..... C. mildrediae
37. Anthers yellow to orange-red or red; fresh pollen yellow to tan ..... subsp. lutescens
37' Anthers magenta; fresh pollen blue-gray ..... subsp. mildrediae
36' Axis of inflorescence straight 4 or more nodes distal to open flower; petal length 1.6–3 × width
38. Fl buds fusiform, tip acute ..... C. borealis
39. Seed 1.8–2.5 mm; CaRF ..... subsp. arida
39' Seed 1.5–1.8 mm; KR ..... subsp. borealis
38' Fl buds obovate, tip obtuse
40. Petal length 1.6–2 × width ..... C. mosquinii
40' Petal length 1.9–3 × width
41. Lvs lance-linear ..... C. australis
41' Lvs elliptic to ovate ..... C. virgata
33' Petal claw 0 or < 2 mm, not lobed
42. Petals 2-lobed ..... C. biloba
43. Petals bright pink to magenta, length generally > 1.5 × width ..... subsp. australis
43' Petals lavender to purple-pink, length generally < 1.5 × width
44. Petal lobes generally 1/5–1/2 petal length ..... subsp. biloba
44' Petal lobes generally < 1/5 petal length ..... subsp. brandegeeae
42' Petals entire, occasionally notched at tip
45. Anthers alike in size and color
46. Ovary and immature fruit conspicuously 8-grooved; fruit not wider distally
47. Stigma exserted beyond anthers; pedicel 5–15 mm ..... C. arcuata
47' Stigma not exserted beyond anthers; pedicel 0–3 mm ..... C. lassenensis
46' Ovary and immature fruit 4- or rarely shallowly 8-grooved; fruit generally wider distally ..... C. gracilis
48. Petals 6–23 mm, spot 0, base darker or not; stigma not exserted beyond anthers ..... subsp. gracilis
48' Petals 20–40 mm with a red spot near middle or red at base; stigma exserted beyond anthers
49. Petals with a red spot near middle ..... subsp. sonomensis
49' Petals red at base
50. Petals generally 30–40 mm; s CaRF ..... subsp. albicaulis
50' Petals generally 20–30 mm; NCoRI ..... subsp. tracyi
45' Anthers in 2 unlike series, inner smaller, paler
51. Stigma not exserted beyond anthers; petals 5–12 mm
52. Petals white, not flecked, fading pink ..... C. epilobioides
52' Petals pale to dark pink, generally flecked, fading darker
53. Petals pink, not lighter near base, generally darker flecked ..... C. modesta
53' Petals pale pink, shading lighter near base, purple flecked ..... C. similis
51' Stigma exserted beyond anthers; petals 10–35 mm
54. Corolla rotate; petals oblanceolate ..... C. lingulata
54' Corolla bowl-shaped; petals fan-shaped
55. Ovary and immature fruit 8-grooved ..... C. dudleyana
55' Ovary and immature fruit 4-grooved
56. Width of outer filaments ± 2 × inner; ring of hairs in hypanthium below rim ..... C. cylindrica
57. Fr wider distally ..... subsp. clavicarpa
57' Fr cylindric ..... subsp. cylindrica
56' Width of all filaments ± equal; ring of hairs in hypanthium at rim
58. Fr beak 0–3 mm ..... C. lewisii
58' Fr beak 7–15 mm ..... C. rostrata
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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