The Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to perennial herb, generally glandular-hairy, taprooted or from ± thick caudex.
Leaf: generally alternate, simple to 2-pinnately compound, generally ± reduced upward.
Inflorescence: cyme, generally dense, coiled, generally 1-sided; pedicel generally <= 5 mm.
Flower: calyx lobes generally 5, generally fused at base, generally persistent, enlarging in fruit; corolla generally deciduous, at least some persistent and withering in fruit in some species, rotate to tubular or bell- or funnel-shaped, ± white, blue, purple, pink or yellow, tube and throat not always clearly differentiated, scales of tube base free or fused to filaments, or scales 0; stamens generally attached at same level, equal, generally exserted; ovary chamber 1, sometimes appearing as 2 due to intrusion of the 2 placentas, placentas parietal, enlarging and meeting in fruit, style 2-lobed, generally hairy below lobes.
Fruit: capsule, oblong to spheric.
Seed: 1–many, oblong to spheric, generally brown; abaxial surface generally pitted or cross-furrowed.
± 175 species: Am; some cultivated for ornamental. (Greek: cluster, from dense inflorescence) Bristly hairs may cause dermatitis. [Gilbert et al. 2005 Syst Bot 30:627–634] Some CA per species intergrade, hybridize, difficult to distinguish. Phacelia ixodes Kellogg, included in TJM (1993), not known from CA.

Key to Phacelia

Key to Groups

1. Biennial or perennial herb from ± woody taproot or branched caudex ..... Group 1

1' Annual from slender taproot (some key in both of the following groups)

2. Most cauline leaf blades deeply lobed to compound (some sinuses reaching midrib) ..... Group 2

2' Most cauline leaf blades entire to shallowly lobed (lowest sometimes deeply few-lobed at base, but sinuses generally not reaching midrib) ..... Group 3

Group 1:

1. Seeds 8–200

2. Lf blade 5–25 mm, ± round; stamens included; n W&I, n&e DMoj ..... P. perityloides

3. Corolla 12–15 mm; pedicels in fruit 10–30 mm, reflexed ..... var. jaegeri

3' Corolla 10–12 mm; pedicels in fruit 5–15 mm, ascending to spreading ..... var. perityloides

2' Lf blade 15–120 mm, lanceolate or oblong to widely ovate; stamens generally exserted; NW, CaRH, SNH, MP

4. Corolla persistent in fruit; stamens 10–15 mm — n KR, Wrn ..... P. sericea var. ciliosa

4' Corolla deciduous; stamens 8–11 mm

5. Infl head-like, dense; filaments glabrous; plant 10–30 cm ..... P. hydrophylloides

5' Infl ± elongate; filaments hairy; plants generally > 30 cm

6. Corolla 10–12 mm, pale blue to purple ..... P. bolanderi

6' Corolla 3–7 mm, cream to ± green or brown-white ..... P. procera

1' Seeds 1–4

7. Lf compound; leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed ..... P. ramosissima

7' Lf generally simple (or basal lobed to compound); leaflets entire (if any)

8. Fls few; pedicel 10–20 mm; plant 5–15 cm — KR ..... P. dalesiana

8' Fls many; pedicel < 5 mm; plant (5)10–200 cm

9. Basal leaves simple, entire or 3–7-lobed, generally silvery to ± white

10. St densely glandular ..... P. corymbosa (2)

10' St generally not glandular

11. Lf generally elliptic to obovate to ± round, veins deeply impressed; coastal dunes, n NCo, < 20 m ..... P. argentea (2)

11' Lf generally lanceolate to widely elliptic, veins prominent but not deeply impressed; shrubland, open woodland, widespread, 380–4000 m ..... P. hastata (2)

12. St decumbent to ascending, 5–20(30) cm; hairs mostly spreading; calyx lobes generally glandular ..... subsp. compacta (2)

12' St ascending to ± erect, 20–50 cm; hairs mostly ± appressed; calyx lobes generally not glandular ..... subsp. hastata (2)

9' Basal leaves compound or dissected, leaves ± green (± gray) or silvery to ± white

13. Lvs generally silvery to ± white ..... P. hastata (2)

14. St decumbent to ascending, 5–20(30) cm; hairs mostly spreading; calyx lobes generally glandular ..... subsp. compacta (2)

14' St ascending to ± erect, 20–50 cm; hairs mostly ± appressed; calyx lobes generally not glandular ..... subsp. hastata (2)

13' Lvs generally ± green (± gray)

15. St densely glandular ..... P. corymbosa (2)

15' St generally not glandular

16. Lf basally 2-lobed if not entire; coastal dunes — n NCo ..... P. argentea (2)

16' Lvs generally dissected or compound

17. Basal leaves compound, leaflets 3–7, lanceolate to ovate

18. St finely stiff-hairy; plant 10–60 cm; inland mtns, 900–3500 m ..... P. mutabilis

18' St coarsely stiff-hairy; plants (15)50–200 cm; coastal foothills or mtns, < 1000 m

19. Style 8–12 mm; corolla blue to lavender (white) ..... P. californica (2)

19' Style 6–9 mm; corolla green-white to ± yellow ..... P. nemoralis

20. Mid-stem generally < 7 mm diam; corolla 3.5–5 mm ..... subsp. nemoralis

20' Mid-stem generally 7–10 mm diam; corolla 5–6 mm ..... subsp. oregonensis

17' Basal leaves dissected, segments 3–15, oblanceolate or lanceolate to triangular

21. Central stem erect, generally 1 ..... P. heterophylla subsp. virgata

21' Central stems generally decumbent to ascending, generally > 1

22. Calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate, ± overlapping in fruit ..... P. imbricata

23. Lf segments 7–15; outer calyx lobes narrowly ovate, often glandular ..... subsp. imbricata

23' Lf segments 3–7; outer calyx lobes lanceolate, not glandular ..... subsp. patula

22' Calyx lobes linear to narrowly ovate or oblanceolate, not overlapping in fruit

24. Corolla blue to lavender (white); stamens 7–10 mm; calyx lobes 6–8 mm in fruit ..... P. californica (2)

24' Corolla white to cream; stamens 9–14 mm; calyx lobes 8–12 mm in fruit ..... P. egena

Group 2:

1. At least some corollas persistent, withering in fruit, ± enclosing fruit

2. Seeds 1–4; anthers exserted; corolla blue or purple to white

3. Lvs generally simple, lobes 0–6

4. Corolla purple to violet; largest leaves 1–2-lobed at base ..... P. marcescens

4' Corolla white to pale blue; largest leaves 2–6-lobed or -toothed at base ..... P. stebbinsii

3' Lvs generally compound, segments toothed or lobed

5. Fr ± spheric, 2–3 mm; pedicels 1–3 mm in fruit ..... P. distans (2)

5' Fr ovoid to elliptic, 2.5–4 mm; pedicels < 1 mm in fruit

6. St stiffly erect; leaflet tips acute; inflorescence dense, generally 2–4-branched; fruit glabrous proximally ..... P. tanacetifolia (2)

6' St decumbent to weakly erect; leaflet tips rounded; inflorescence ± open proximally, dense distally, generally unbranched; fruit ± puberulent proximally ..... P. umbrosa (2)

2' Seeds 5–30; anthers included; corolla generally yellow (lobes occasionally ± purple in Phacelia adenophora; ± white in Phacelia tetramera)

7. Corolla tube puberulent inside; filaments puberulent

8. Corolla 3.5–8 mm; style 1.5–3 mm; stamens 2.5–5 mm ..... P. adenophora

8' Corolla 2–4 mm; style 0.5–1.5 mm; stamens 1.5–3 mm ..... P. monoensis

7' Corolla tube glabrous inside; filaments glabrous

9. Seeds cross-striate but not deeply furrowed; plants 10–40 cm ..... P. inundata

9' Seeds cross-furrowed, furrows 5–9; plants 2–15 cm

10. Sepals, petals generally 5; corolla 2–3 mm ..... P. inyoensis

10' Sepals, petals generally 4; corolla 1.3–2 mm ..... P. tetramera

1' Corolla generally deciduous in fruit

11. Seeds generally >= 7 per fruit

12. Corolla generally 2–5 mm, bell-shaped; stamens, styles ± 1–3 mm

13. Distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels with dark, stalked glands ..... P. glandulifera

13' Distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels short-hairy, glandular or not, glands not especially dark

14. Calyx lobes generally linear to oblong, 3–6 mm in fruit, minutely ciliate, not glandular ..... P. ivesiana

14' Calyx lobes oblanceolate, 4–10 mm in fruit, short-stiff-hairy, ± glandular

15. Pedicels straight; seeds cross-furrowed; s SCoRI, TR, PR, W&I, D ..... P. affinis

15' Pedicels curved; seeds pitted; SCo ..... P. stellaris

12' Corolla 5–20 mm, rotate to funnel- or bell-shaped; styles 2–8 mm; stamens 3–9 mm

16. Seeds cross-furrowed

17. Proximal leaves 1–2-compound; filaments puberulent ..... P. bicolor var. bicolor

17' Proximal leaves deeply lobed to 1-compound; filaments glabrous

18. Corolla lobes white to pink; seed ± 0.5 mm ..... P. brachyloba

18' Corolla lobes blue to pink or violet; seed 1–1.5 mm ..... P. fremontii

16' Seeds pitted

19. St generally erect, 30–120 cm, 0–few-branched; leaves strongly glandular — s ChI ..... P. lyonii

19' St decumbent, spreading to erect, 2–40 cm, generally branched at base; leaves short-spreading-hairy, not strongly glandular

20. Fr 6–9 mm, obovoid, ± compressed below middle — NCo, CCo, n ChI ..... P. insularis

21. St generally decumbent to ascending; style 2.5–4 mm; seed 1.5–2 mm; NCo, CCo ..... var. continentis

21' St generally erect; style 5–6 mm; seed 1–1.5 mm; n ChI ..... var. insularis

20' Fr 4–7 mm, ovoid, ± swollen below middle

22. Corolla tube, throat white, lobes ± violet ..... P. davidsonii

22' Corolla light blue to purple throughout ..... P. douglasii

11' Seeds 1–6 per fruit

23. Some leaves simple (especially distal cauline), entire or toothed

24. Lf blade ± deltate to ± round; corolla cream-white ..... P. malvifolia

24' Lf blade linear to ovate or oblanceolate; corolla ± blue to lavender

25. Calyx lobes in flower 3–5 mm, becoming unequal in fruit; stamens 2–4 mm; mtns s and e of GV ..... P. austromontana

25' Calyx lobes in flower 2–3 mm, subequal in fruit; stamens 4–5 mm; mtns w of GV ..... P. breweri

23' Lvs lobed to compound, segments generally toothed to lobed

26. Most calyx lobes pinnately lobed — s ChI ..... P. floribunda

26' Calyx lobes entire to crenate

27. Calyx lobes puberulent, margin stiffly ciliate, midrib ± 2° veins raised

28. Calyx lobes 4–6 mm, 6–10 mm in fruit; corolla 8–10 mm; stamens 8–12 mm; style 6–8 mm; w CA-FP, c&s SN, Teh, GV ..... P. ciliata

28' Calyx lobes 3–4 mm, 5–7 mm in fruit; corolla 3–4 mm; stamens 1–3 mm; style ± 2 mm; e CaR, MP ..... P. thermalis

27' Calyx lobes generally short- to long-hairy, margin ciliate but not stiffly so, only midrib raised

29. Calyx lobes strongly unequal, 3 lobes generally ± lanceolate, entire, other 2 ovate to ± round, generally crenate; seed generally 1 ..... P. platyloba

29' Calyx lobes ± alike (if unequal not strongly), linear to oblong or oblanceolate, entire; seeds generally > 1

30. Stamens, style branches included; stamens 3–5 mm; style 3–5 mm ..... P. cryptantha

30' Some stamens (and generally style branches) exserted; stamens 4–15 mm; style 5–15 mm

31. Seed adaxial surface with central ridge separating 2 longitudinal grooves

32. Sepals 1–1.5 mm > fruit; pedicels ± thread-like, densely long-hairy, not glandular ..... P. pedicellata

32' Sepals ± = fruit; pedicels stout, short-glandular-hairy

33. Corolla lobes white; calyx lobes ± 1 mm wide; fruit ovoid, sparsely stiff-hairy ..... P. amabilis

33' Corolla lobes blue-lavender or purple; calyx lobes ± 1.5 mm wide; fruit ovoid to spheric, puberulent ..... P. crenulata

34. Corolla tube, throat white, lobes lavender to blue; calyx lobes 2–3 mm, 3–4.5 mm in fruit ..... var. minutiflora

34' Corolla tube white at least at base, throat, lobes purple; calyx lobes 2.5–5.5 mm, 3.5–5.5 mm in fruit

35. St glandular above; corolla 5–10 mm; stamens, style exserted >= 9 mm ..... var. ambigua

35' St generally glandular throughout; corolla 4.5–7 mm; stamens, style exserted 5.5–11 mm ..... var. crenulata

31' Seed adaxial surface not clearly ridged and grooved

36. Calyx lobes ± curved, not enclosing fruit

37. Fr ± puberulent, stiff hairs few, generally < 1 mm, not bulb-based ..... P. vallis-mortae

37' Fr with stiff, > 1 mm, bulb-based hairs ..... P. cicutaria

38. Corolla yellow-white; calyx lobes ± yellow ..... var. cicutaria

38' Corolla lavender; calyx lobes ± gray ..... var. hispida

36' Calyx lobes ± straight, ± enclosing fruit

39. Calyx lobes 7–12 mm in fruit ..... P. hubbyi

39' Calyx lobes 4–8 mm in fruit

40. Fr ± spheric, 2–3 mm; pedicels 1–3 mm in fruit ..... P. distans (2)

40' Fr ovoid to elliptic, 2.5–4 mm; pedicels < 1 mm in fruit

41. St stiffly erect; leaflet tips acute; inflorescence dense, generally 2–4-branched; fruit glabrous proximally ..... P. tanacetifolia (2)

41' St decumbent to weakly erect; leaflet tips rounded; inflorescence ± open proximally, dense distally, generally unbranched; fruit ± puberulent proximally ..... P. umbrosa (2)

Group 3:

1. At least some corollas persistent, withering in fruit, ± enclosing fruit

2. Seeds 1–4 per fruit; stamens 3–7 mm, exserted; SN

3. Fr ± spheric; calyx lobes 4–7 mm in fruit, strongly unequal; seeds 2–4 ..... P. quickii

3' Fr elliptic to ovoid, ± compressed; calyx lobes 3–4 mm in fruit, ± equal; seeds 1–2

4. Corolla violet to purple; stamens 5–6 mm; style 5–6 mm; seeds (1)2 ..... P. marcescens

4' Corolla white to pale blue; stamens 6–7 mm; style 4–5 mm; seed generally 1 ..... P. stebbinsii

2' Seeds generally 5–50 per fruit; stamens 1–5 mm, included; SNE, n DMoj

5. Seeds 20–50, pitted ..... P. saxicola

5' Seeds 5–25, cross-furrowed

6. Corolla puberulent inside; filaments puberulent ..... P. monoensis

6' Corolla tube glabrous inside; filaments glabrous

7. Sepals, petals generally 5; corolla 2–3 mm ..... P. inyoensis

7' Sepals, petals generally 4; corolla 1.3–2 mm ..... P. tetramera

1' Corolla deciduous in fruit

8. Seeds 1–4 per fruit

9. Cauline leaf blade generally as wide as long

10. Lvs, stems, and calyx lobes densely yellow-stiff-hairy; corolla 5–7 mm; stamens 5–10 mm ..... P. malvifolia (2)

10' Lvs, stems sparsely white- to clear-stiff-hairy; calyx lobes short-hairy; corolla 3–5 mm; stamens 2–3 mm ..... P. rattanii

9' Cauline leaf blade generally longer than wide

11. Lf crenate to lobed (lobes generally ± toothed); adaxial seed surface with central ridge separating 2 longitudinal grooves

12. Corolla 3–7 mm, stamens 2–5 mm; style 2–5 mm

13. Corolla 5–7 mm, widely bell-shaped; stamens 3–5 mm; style 3–5 mm; seeds 2.5–3.5 mm ..... P. anelsonii

13' Corolla 3–5 mm, bell-shaped; stamens 2–3 mm; style 2–3 mm; seeds 2–3 mm ..... P. coerulea

12' Corolla 6–10 mm; stamens 10–15 mm; style 12–15 mm ..... P. crenulata

14. Corolla ± 4 mm; stamens, style exserted < 2 mm ..... var. minutiflora

14' Corolla >= 4.5 mm; stamens, style exserted >= 5.5 mm

15. Stamens, style exserted >= 9 mm; stem glandular distal to middle; corolla 5–10 mm ..... var. ambigua

15' Stamens, style exserted 5.5–11 mm; stem generally glandular throughout; corolla 4.5–7 mm ..... var. crenulata

11' Lf blade entire (or lobes entire, obtuse to acute); adaxial seed surface not ridged and grooved

16. Distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels not glandular or only sparsely so

17. Proximal-most leaves opposite

18. Filaments glabrous ..... P. racemosa (2)

18' Filaments short-hairy ..... P. humilis

19. Calyx lobes 8–12 mm in fruit; stamens 6–8 mm, clearly exserted ..... var. dudleyi

19' Calyx lobes 5–8 mm in fruit; stamens 4–6 mm, barely exserted ..... var. humilis

17' Proximal-most leaves alternate

20. Calyx lobes 4–5 mm in fruit, oblong; corolla 4–6 mm, light blue, lobes sparsely short-hairy outside; ne CW ..... P. breweri

20' Calyx lobes 8–10 mm in fruit, linear; corolla 3–4 mm, lavender, lobes glabrous outside; s SNH, w edge DMoj ..... P. novenmillensis (2)

16' Distal stem, inflorescence axis, pedicels glandular

21. Cauline leaf blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, generally tapered to base

22. Proximal- to mid-cauline leaves opposite; KR, CaR, n&c SN ..... P. racemosa (2)

22' Proximal- to mid-cauline leaves alternate; KR, SnGb, SnBr

23. Calyx lobes 2–3 mm, 3–5 mm in fruit, subequal; corolla rotate, lobes violet to purple; serpentine soils, KR ..... P. greenei

23' Calyx lobes 3–5 mm, 5–15 mm in fruit, strongly unequal; corolla bell-shaped, lobes white to pale blue; non-serpentine soils, SnGb, SnBr ..... P. mohavensis (2)

21' Cauline leaf blade elliptic to ovate, generally clearly petioled

24. Calyx lobes in fruit 2–3 mm wide; corolla 6–8 mm; stamens 7–8 mm; style 6–9 mm ..... P. purpusii (2)

24' Calyx lobes in fruit generally < 2 mm wide; corolla 2–6 mm; stamens 2–5 mm; style 1–5 mm

25. Calyx lobes in fruit 8–10 mm, puberulent, stiffly ciliate, some hairs > 1 mm ..... P. novenmillensis (2)

25' Calyx lobes in fruit 4–6 mm, short-stiff-hairy, ciliate, hairs < 1 mm

26. Style generally divided 1/3–1/2 length ..... P. austromontana

26' Style divided ± to near base ..... P. eisenii

8' Seeds generally >= 5 per fruit

27. Lf blades, especially proximal, generally as wide as long

28. Corolla 7–40 mm; stamens (4)10–45 mm; style (3)8–45 mm

29. Corolla lacking flap-like appendage fused to filament base

30. Cymes dense; plants 30–200 cm; leaves not deeply lobed; corolla shallow bell-shaped to rotate, limb 25–40 mm diam, lavender (white), often with lavender-spotted white throat ..... P. grandiflora

30' Cymes lax; plants 10–100 cm; some basal leaves deeply lobed; corolla limb 10–25 mm diam, throat not spotted ..... P. viscida

31. Corolla white, rotate to bell-shaped, limb 10–15 mm diam; style included, 3–10 mm — Santa Barbara, Ventura cos. ..... var. albiflora

31' Corolla rotate, throat white, limb 15–25 mm diam, pale lavender to bright blue; style included or exserted, 5–16 mm ..... var. viscida

29' Corolla with flap-like appendage fused to filament base

32. Filament flap hairy; corolla purple (white)

33. Corolla purple (white) throughout, tube length > limb width, ± bell-shaped with slight constriction at throat ..... P. minor

33' Corolla purple with white spot at base of each corolla lobe, tube length < limb width, shallow-rotate to widely bell-shaped ..... P. parryi

32' Filament flap glabrous; corolla white or pink to bright blue

34. Seeds 10–24 per fruit; corolla white to pale magenta or pale blue, occasionally with diffuse area lacking pigment at base of sinuses, 7–12 mm ..... P. longipes

34' Seeds >= 40 per fruit; corolla deep to sky blue, white spots at base of sinuses, 6–40 mm

35. Style cleft 2/3 to 3/4; s SNH, Teh (e slope), w edge DMoj ..... P. nashiana

35' Style cleft 1/4 to 1/2; DMoj, n&w DSon ..... P. campanularia

36. Corolla rotate, generally < 25 mm, length <= width; w DSon ..... subsp. campanularia

36' Corolla funnel-shaped, generally > 25 mm, length >= width; DMoj, n DSon ..... subsp. vasiformis

28' Corolla 3–12 mm; stamens 2–10 mm; style 1–12 mm

37. Lvs, stems, calyx lobes densely yellow-stiff-hairy; fruit 2–3 mm; corolla cream-white — NCo, CW ..... P. malvifolia (2)

37' Lvs, stems, calyx lobes ± short-hairy, sometimes glandular; fruit 3–7 mm

38. Seeds with 4–8 cross-furrows; calyx lobes 1.5–3 mm, 2–4 mm in fruit; fruit generally spheric

39. Corolla 8–12 mm; stamens 5–6 mm; style 5–6 mm ..... P. calthifolia

39' Corolla 4–7 mm; stamens 2–4 mm; style 2–3 mm

40. Corolla cream-white; inflorescence axis among leaves, finely glandular ..... P. neglecta

40' Corolla violet to purple; inflorescence axis generally > leaves, ± dark-glandular ..... P. pachyphylla

38' Seeds pitted, not cross-furrowed; calyx lobes 2–5 mm, 4–9 mm in fruit; fruit ovoid to ± oblong

41. Corolla 6–12 mm; style 3–5 mm

42. Corolla narrowly bell-shaped, limb generally 3–5 mm diam; upper inflorescence ± short-glandular-hairy (some hairs < 0.5 mm) ..... P. mustelina

42' Corolla widely bell-shaped, limb generally > 5 mm diam; upper inflorescence glandular-puberulent ..... P. pulchella var. gooddingii

41' Corolla 3–6 mm; style 1–2 mm

43. Lf blade widely elliptic to obovate, base tapered, margin entire to barely toothed ..... P. parishii (2)

43' Lf blade ± round, base truncate to slightly lobed, margin clearly toothed

44. Calyx lobes 6–8 mm in fruit, some 1–2 mm wide; leaf blade crenate to irregularly toothed ..... P. peirsoniana

44' Calyx lobes 4–6 mm in fruit, generally < 1 mm wide; leaf blade dentate to weakly lobed, lobes obtuse ..... P. rotundifolia

27' Lf blades generally longer than wide

45. St prostrate to ± ascending; flower 1–2 mm; inflorescence axillary, partly hidden by leaves; n CaRH ..... P. cookei

45' St generally ascending to erect; flower >= 3 mm; inflorescence generally terminal, not hidden by leaves

46. Seeds 20–80+ per fruit

47. Lvs cauline, gradually reduced distally on stem; blade slightly lobed to toothed; fruit glandular-puberulent ..... P. lemmonii

47' Lvs ± basal, ± abruptly reduced distally on stem; blade entire to barely toothed; fruit short-hairy ..... P. parishii (2)

46' Seeds <= 20 per fruit

48. Proximal pedicels > distal (especially in fruit), generally S-shaped or recurved in fruit

49. Fr obovoid, slightly flattened, 6–9 mm; NCo, CCo, n ChI ..... P. insularis

50. St generally decumbent to ascending; style 2.5–4 mm; seed 1.5–2 mm; NCo, CCo ..... var. continentis

50' St generally erect; style 5–6 mm; seed 1–1.5 mm; n ChI ..... var. insularis

49' Fr ovoid, swollen at base, 4–7 mm; SN, TR, PR, SNE, DMoj

51. Corolla 4–8 mm; style 2–4 mm ..... P. curvipes

51' Corolla 7–15 mm; style 4–8 mm ..... P. davidsonii

48' Pedicels generally equal, generally straight in fruit (except Phacelia orogenes)

52. Lf linear, oblong, or narrowly (ob)lanceolate, tapered to indistinct petiole

53. Proximal leaves opposite; calyx lobes 1–3 mm, 2–8 mm in fruit; corolla 2–6 mm; stamens, style 2–5 mm

54. Corolla 2–3 mm; stamens, style ± 2 mm; style glabrous — KR ..... P. leonis

54' Corolla 3–6 mm; stamens, style 3–5 mm; style short-hairy below branches

55. Pedicels 2–7 mm, proximal S-shaped or recurved in fruit, > distal pedicels; corolla tube white to ± yellow, lobes violet; s SNH ..... P. orogenes

55' Pedicels 1–3 mm, proximal straight in fruit, generally = distal pedicels; corolla lavender; KR, CaRH ..... P. pringlei

53' Proximal leaves alternate; calyx lobes 3–5 mm, 5–15 mm in fruit; corolla 5–10 mm; stamens, style 5–14 mm

56. Pedicels < 2 mm in fruit; calyx lobes subequal; fruit 5–8 mm; ne CA ..... P. linearis

56' Pedicels generally 2–5 mm in fruit; calyx lobes unequal (longest 1–2 mm > shortest); fruit 3–5 mm; s CA

57. Stamens included or barely exserted, subequal, 5–9 mm, filaments generally white; corolla tube base white to lavender, lobes ± spreading, lavender ..... P. exilis

57' Stamens exserted, unequal, 5–14 mm, filaments violet; corolla tube base generally yellow, lobes ± erect, white, aging pale blue ..... P. mohavensis (2)

52' Lf blade elliptic or lanceolate to ovate, clearly petioled

58. Seeds with 7–9 cross-furrows ..... P. gymnoclada

58' Seeds pitted, without transverse furrows

59. Corolla 6–15 mm

60. Lf blade toothed to slightly lobed; calyx lobes short-hairy, not clearly ciliate; corolla tube yellow, lobes lavender to purple

61. Corolla 9–14 mm; seeds 8–10; nw PR ..... P. keckii

61' Corolla 7–11 mm; seeds 10–16; NCoRI, c SNF, CW ..... P. suaveolens

60' Lf blade entire or few-lobed near base; calyx lobes puberulent to short-hairy, margin clearly stiff-ciliate; corolla lavender to violet

62. Corolla 6–10 mm; stamens 3–5 mm; styles 3–5.5 mm ..... P. congdonii

62' Corolla 10–15 mm; stamens 8–10 mm; styles 6–10 mm ..... P. divaricata

59' Corolla 3–8 mm

63. Stamens 7–8 mm; style 5–9 mm

64. Sts stiff-hairy, many hairs > 1 mm; corolla generally white; SCoRO, WTR ..... P. grisea

64' Sts puberulent to short-stiff-hairy, hairs < 1 mm; corolla lavender to violet; s CaRH, SN, MP ..... P. purpusii (2)

63' Stamens 2–4 mm; style 1–4 mm

65. Calyx lobes 4–6 mm in fruit, short-glandular-hairy, stiff hairs on margin < 1 mm; inflorescence open proximally; W&I, ne DMtns ..... P. barnebyana

65' Calyx lobes 7–11 mm in fruit, stiff-hairy, weakly glandular, stiff hairs on margin generally > 1 mm; inflorescence dense; s CaR, n&c SN, e SnFrB, SCoRI

66. Corolla white to light lavender, lobes violet-streaked, tube ± 1 mm wide; leaf veins not impressed; fruit obtuse; e SnFrB, SCoRI ..... P. phacelioides

66' Corolla lobes generally purple, tube ± 2 mm wide, lavender; leaf veins impressed; fruit beaked; s CaR, n&c SN ..... P. vallicola

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Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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