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Annual.
Stem: generally erect; branches ascending or spreading; glabrous to generally hairy, often glandular.
Leaf: simple, alternate (lowermost opposite), entire to generally deeply pinnate-lobed.
Inflorescence: generally head, bracts pinnate- to palmate-toothed or -lobed, spine-tipped ( flower 1–2, pedicels elongate, bracts entire, not spine-tipped).
Flower: calyx lobes 4–5, equal, entire or toothed, or unequal, spine-tipped; corolla lobes 4–5; stigmas 2 or 3.
Fruit: generally ovoid, chambers 1–3.
Seed: 1–many per fruit, free or stuck together, brown, gelatinous when wet.
2n=18.
35 species: w North America, Argentina, Chile. (F.F. Navarrete, Spanish physician, ?–1742) [Porter & Johnson 2000 Aliso 19:55–91] Revised taxonomy, too late for full treatment here, including Navarretia linearifolia (Howell) L.A. Johnson subsp. linearifolia, a ± cryptic segregate of Navarretia sinistra, and Navarretia linearifolia subsp. pinnatisecta (H. Mason & A.D. Grant) L.A. Johnson [Navarretia sinistra subsp. pinnatisecta] (Johnson & Cairns-Heath 2010 Syst Bot 35:618–628).
Unabridged references: [Spencer & Porter 1997 Syst Bot 22:649–668; Porter 1996 Aliso 15:57–77]

Key to Navarretia

1. Plant not prickly; flowers 1–2 on long pedicels; calyx lobes equal

2. Corolla tube, throat ± glabrous abaxially; upper leaves often palmate-lobed; calyx lobes generally acute ..... N. sinistra

3. Corolla 10–20 mm, style exserted ..... subsp. pinnatisecta

3' Corolla 5–10 mm, style included ..... subsp. sinistra

2' Corolla tube, throat minutely long-stalked-glandular abaxially; upper leaves entire; calyx lobes acuminate

4. Corolla 6–8 mm, lobes blue-white; calyx densely glandular-puberulent; leaves ascending ..... N. capillaris

4' Corolla 8–21 mm, lobes pink; calyx sparsely glandular to subglabrous; leaves spreading ..... N. leptalea

5. Corolla 13–21 mm, throat 6–8 mm, purple ..... subsp. leptalea

5' Corolla 8–15 mm, throat 2–5 mm, yellow, occasionally with short purple marks ..... subsp. bicolor

1' Plant prickly, at least when dry; flowers several to many in heads; calyx lobes generally unequal

6. Calyx lobes strap-shaped, wider at base than membranes; bract tip lobes 7–many; fruit dehiscing base upward, not to tip

7. Axis of upper leaves, often bracts expanded above middle; cotyledons 2–3, deeply 2-lobed

8. Corolla lobes white to cream, base purple-spotted

9. Plant erect; corolla lobes rounded-acute; stamens, style included ..... N. gowenii

9' Plant spreading; corolla lobes acuminate; stamens, style exserted ..... N. ojaiensis

8' Corolla lobes blue to purple or light pink, base generally darker, without spots

10. Corolla throat, upper tube purple ..... N. pubescens

10' Corolla throat, tube white

11. Plant spreading to ascending, central stem generally < branches; axis generally white-hairy, bracts glandular-hairy ..... N. mitracarpa

11' Plant erect, central stem generally > branches; axis, bracts puberulent or occasionally mid bract with narrow hairy band ..... N. setiloba

7' Axis of upper leaves, bracts not expanded above middle; cotyledons 2, entire

12. Corolla lobes purple, base spotted; fruit 8-valved ..... N. jepsonii

12' Corolla lobes yellow, cream, or white, base spotted or not, tip occasionally light blue; fruit 4-valved

13. Infl puberulent, with longer hairs or not; corolla throat not spotted, lobes 4; style often long-exserted from flower bud ..... N. cotulifolia

13' Infl white-hairy; corolla throat generally spotted, lobes 4–5; style included in flower bud

14. Corolla white (occasionally lobe tips blue), lobes 4 or 5; fruit 1–2 seeded

15. Corolla 8–12 mm, style exserted ..... N. eriocephala

15' Corolla 6–8 mm, style included ..... N. heterandra

14' Corolla yellow, lobes 5; fruit 2–9 seeded ..... N. nigelliformis

16. Corolla 12–16 mm; herbage dark green ..... subsp. nigelliformis

16' Corolla 9–11 mm; herbage gray green ..... subsp. radians

6' Calyx lobes tapered, narrower at base than membranes; bract tip lobes generally 0–few; fruit dehiscing tip downward (if dehiscing upward, then only when wet)

17. Plant generally not glandular, stem hairs generally recurved; seeds stuck together until wet; fruit translucent, stuck to seeds, dehiscing at base when wet

18. Axis of inner bracts concave-expanded at base; corolla lobes ovate

19. Bract tips with 3 spreading, needle-like lobes; corolla lobes with 1 vein entering base; stigmas 2 ..... N. intertexta

20. Plant erect, open; corolla 7–11 mm, generally > calyx; filaments 1.5–3.5 mm ..... subsp. intertexta

20' Plant ascending to spreading, dense; corolla 4–7 mm, generally <= calyx; filaments 0.5–2 mm ..... subsp. propinqua

19' Bract tips with few to several fine spines; corolla lobes with 3 veins entering base; stigmas 3

21. Calyx hairs fine, obscure; calyx lobes entire ..... N. subuligera

21' Calyx coarsely appressed-hairy; calyx lobes toothed ..... N. tagetina

18' Axis of inner bracts widely membranous-winged at base, not concave-expanded; corolla lobes linear or narrowly ovate

22. Mature inflorescence head (flowers sessile); plant prostrate; calyx tube long-soft-wavy-hairy

23. Corolla 7–9 mm, tube ± exserted; leaves at base of head lobed ..... N. prostrata

23' Corolla 12–21 mm, tube long-exserted; leaves at base of head entire or lobed in proximal 1/2 ..... N. myersii

24. Corolla blue, tube 1–1.2 × calyx; outer bract lobes many ..... subsp. deminuta

24' Corolla white, tube 2–4 × calyx; outer bracts lobes few ..... subsp. myersii

22' Mature inflorescence dense cyme, flowers subsessile or short-pedicelled; plant generally not prostrate (except Navarretia leucocephela); calyx tube generally not long-soft-wavy-hairy (except Navarretia fossalis)

25. Calyx lobes hairy; filament <= 1 mm; s CA ..... N. fossalis

25' Calyx lobes glabrous or ± hairy; filaments 1–3 mm; n&c CA ..... N. leucocephala

26. Stamens attached at corolla throat

27. Corolla 7–9 mm, tube exserted, throat 2–3 mm wide ..... subsp. leucocephala

27' Corolla 4–6 mm, tube included, throat 1–2 mm wide ..... subsp. minima

26' Stamens attached at or just below corolla sinuses

28. Infl 2–20-flowered; outer bracts generally with 3–5 entire or forked lobes ..... subsp. pauciflora

28' Infl 10–60-flowered; outer bracts generally with >= 7 lobes, each 3–4-branched

29. St generally elongate, branches ascending; corolla white ..... subsp. bakeri

29' St short, branches spreading; corolla blue ..... subsp. plieantha

17' Plant generally glandular, stem nonglandular hairs 0 or not recurved; seeds not stuck together; fruit opaque, not stuck to seeds, dehiscing tip to base

30. Lf, bract axis ± linear (tapered in Navarretia filicaulis); terminal lobe >> to = lobed part of leaf

31. Branches ascending, sparse, along stem; outer bracts pinnate-lobed, lowermost lobes departing above base, or base strongly concave

32. Lf lobed near base; bract base concave; corolla bright purple ..... N. filicaulis

32' Lf lobed near, above base; bract base flat; corolla lavender-white or yellow

33. Corolla yellow ..... N. breweri

33' Corolla lavender-white ..... N. peninsularis

31' Branches generally spreading, dense, just below terminal head; outer bracts palmate-lobed at base, not concave

34. Corolla 8–10 mm; stamens, style exserted ..... N. prolifera

35. Corolla lobes yellow ..... subsp. lutea

35' Corolla lobes blue to purple ..... subsp. prolifera

34' Corolla 4–7 mm; stamens, style included ..... N. divaricata

36. Corolla tube white, lobes pink-tipped; longest bract 5–10 mm ..... subsp. divaricata

36' Corolla purple; longest bract 7–20 mm ..... subsp. vividior

30' Lf (at least upper), bract axis generally wide; terminal lobe < lobed part of leaf

37. Outer bract tip lobes generally 3, ± separated from non-tip lobes

38. Lf axis 2–6 mm wide, generally >= lobes; upper leaf, bract lobes ascending ..... N. atractyloides

38' Lf axis generally 1–2 mm wide (wider in Navarretia hamata subsp. parviloba), < lobes; leaf, bract lobes spreading ..... N. hamata

39. Corolla pale blue or lavender; bracts long-hairy, not glandular, 3 lobes at tip ± equal ..... subsp. parviloba

39' Corolla bright pink or purple; bracts gland-dotted or glandular-hairy, 3 lobes at tip generally unequal

40. Corolla tube included, throat wide, lobes ± 0.3 × corolla ..... subsp. hamata

40' Corolla tube exserted, throat narrow, lobes ± 0.25 × corolla ..... subsp. leptantha

37' Outer bract tip lobes 0, non-tip lobes ± adjacent to each other

41. Bract bases not concave, lobes in 2 planes; anthers included; stigma below anthers

42. Corolla lobes 5–7 mm, = calyx, light blue ..... N. mellita

42' Corolla lobes 9–12 mm, > calyx, dark blue ..... N. squarrosa

41' Bract bases concave, lobes in 1 plane; anthers exserted or at mouth of throat, stigma at level of anthers

43. Bract axis strap-shaped, much longer than wide ..... N. viscidula

43' Bract axis widely ovate, not much longer than wide

44. Corolla > calyx, purple; stamens, style exserted ..... N. heterodoxa

44' Corolla = calyx, lavender to white; stamens, style ± at mouth ..... N. rosulata

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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