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| Jepson eFlora
Key to families | Table of families and genera This text currently parallels The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition that is now available at the University of California Press. Text appearing in blue on this page will not appear in the printed book; it will be displayed only on the Web. Specimen numbers are hyperlinked to records in the Consortium of California Herbaria data view where possible. Taxa are hyperlinked to entries in the Jepson Interchange via the "[Online Interchange]" link. |
Perennial, erect, 50–200 cm, rhizomed, tubers durable.
Stem: simple, sharply 3-angled, glabrous or angles scabrous, evident internal air cavities 0, not hollow.
Leaf: basal and cauline, 3-ranked; sheath closed, long; ligule 0; blade generally present, long, thin, flat, V-shaped near base, keeled abaxially, margin, keel ± scabrous.
Inflorescence: 1, terminal, panicle- (or head-) like, appearing with leaves; branches often scabrous; inflorescence bracts like leaf blades, main 1 > inflorescence; spikelets ± ovate, not ± flat, flower bracts spiraled, >= 25, each with 1 flower in axil, ± ovate, membranous to papery, puberulent ( glabrous in age), brown to ± colorless, tip notched 0.5–1 mm, generally with curved awn often broken off.
Flower: bisexual; perianth of 3–6 bristles, <= fruit, ± straight, stout, barbed; stamens 3, anthers >= 1.5 mm; style 1, thread-like, base not enlarged; stigmas 2–3.
Fruit: generally obovate, smooth, brown, mucronate; wall cells small, solid or large, hollow (under dissecting microscope).
Wetlands, often emergent.
7–15 species: temperate, subtrop. (Greek: bulb rush, for tubers) [Browning et al. 1995 Brittonia 47:433–445; Smith 2002 FNANM 23:37–44] Intermediates (putative hybrids) between species cause major problems in classification, identification.
Unabridged etymology: (Greek, bolbos, a bulb, and schoenos a rush, reed, in reference to the tubers)
Unabridged note: Fr wall anatomy (± easily seen with a dissecting microscope in a hand-made section) including diagnostic characters that are correlated with fruit buoyancy and persistence of bristles on shed fruit. Putative interspecific hybridization causes major taxonomic confusion; putative hybrids generally occur with their parents, are intermediate between them in all characters, often bear apparently normal fruit that vary in shape within one spikelet, and form persistent clones.
1. Stigmas 2; fruit 2-sided, tightly attached bristles 0 ..... B. maritimus subsp. paludosus
1' Stigmas generally 3; fruit generally 3-sided, tightly attached bristles 0–6
2. Fl bract awn base ± 0.5 mm wide; anthers orange; fruit floating on water, tightly attached bristles 0 ..... B. robustus
2' Fl bract awn base 0.2–0.3 mm wide; anthers yellow; fruit sinking in water, tightly attached bristles 3–6
3. Widest leaf blade >= 7 mm wide; spikelet 6–10 mm wide; leaf sheath tip papery, veined; fruit 3.8–5.5 mm, as deep as wide, mucro 0.2–0.8 mm ..... B. fluviatilis
3' Widest leaf blade < 7 mm wide; spikelet 3–5 mm wide; leaf sheath tip with triangular, membranous, veinless area; fruit 2.5–3.3 mm, shallower than wide, mucro <= 0.1 mm ..... B. glaucus
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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