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| Jepson eFlora
Key to families | Table of families and genera This text currently parallels The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition that is now available at the University of California Press. Text appearing in blue on this page will not appear in the printed book; it will be displayed only on the Web. Specimen numbers are hyperlinked to records in the Consortium of California Herbaria data view where possible. Taxa are hyperlinked to entries in the Jepson Interchange via the "[Online Interchange]" link. |
Perennial ( biennial); caudex simple or branched, persistent leaf bases generally absent; rosetted or not; rosette at ground surface or elevated on woody base; hairs simple or 2–14-rayed, stalked or sessile.
Stem: simple or branched, leafy.
Leaf: basal petioled, simple, generally entire or dentate, generally hairy; cauline sessile, base generally lobed, entire or dentate.
Inflorescence: generally elongated.
Flower: sepals bases generally not sac-like; petals generally white, lavender, or purple, claw present or 0; pollen ellipsoid in sexual plants, spheric in plants with asexual seeds.
Fruit: silique, dehiscent, generally linear, edges generally parallel, unsegmented, flat parallel to septum; stigma entire or 2-lobed.
Seed: in 1 or 2 rows, winged or not.
110+ species: temperate North America, Russian Far East. (T.W. Boecher, Danish cytogeneticist, 1909–1983) [Windham & Al-Shehbaz 2006–2007 Harvard Pap Bot 11:61–88, 11:257–274, 12:235–257] Some species with both fertile & sterile stems. Previously included in Arabis, but the 2 genera in different tribes. Boechera horizontalis (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz [Arabis suffrutescens S. Watson var. horizontalis (Greene) Rollins] not in CA.
Unabridged references: [Al-Shehbaz 2003 Novon 13:381–391]
Unabridged note: Hybrids with spheric pollen and morphological intermediacy generally more common than sexual diploids (with ellipsoid pollen).
1. Fr, generally ovary hairy
2. Fr pedicel < 2.5 mm; petals ± yellow to brick-red ..... B. yorkii
2' Fr pedicel > 2.5 mm; petals purple, lavender, or white
3. Fr pedicel base generally abruptly recurved; fruit generally appressed to inflorescence axis
4. Sts elevated above ground surface on woody base; petals 9–16 mm; fruit 2.5–4 mm wide; seeds 1.7–2.8 mm ..... B. pulchra
4' Sts from ± ground surface, from non-woody caudex; petals 4–8 mm; fruit 0.9–1.8 mm wide; seeds 1–1.4 mm ..... B. retrofracta (3)
3' Fr pedicel base not abruptly recurved; fruit generally not appressed to inflorescence axis
5. Proximal stems with simple and 2-rayed hairs only
6. Fr pedicel with branched hairs only ..... B. arcuata (2)
6' Fr pedicel with generally simple hairs ..... B. breweri subsp. breweri (2)
5' Proximal stems with at least some 3–12-rayed hairs
7. Petals generally < 9 mm
8. St proximally with 7–12-rayed hairs; seeds 1–1.3 mm, generally in 2 rows ..... B. shockleyi (2)
8' St proximally with generally 3–7-rayed hairs; seeds 1.4–6 mm, in 1 row
9. Basal leaves > 6 mm wide; fruit erect to ascending; seeds 2.5–6 mm, wing 0.7–1.8 mm wide ..... B. repanda (2)
9' Basal leaves < 6 mm wide; fruit horizontal to pendent (appressed); seeds 1.4–2.5 mm, wing 0.05–0.3 mm wide
10. Style < 0.2 mm; basal leaves generally dentate; fruit 1.9–2.2 mm wide; seeds 1.4–1.8 mm ..... B. puberula
10' Style 1.5–2 mm; basal leaves entire; fruit 2.5–3 mm wide; seeds 2–2.5 mm ..... B. serpenticola (2)
7' Petals generally > 9 mm
11. At least some basal leaves prominently dentate to ± pinnately lobed; style 0.5–1 mm; ovules < 60 ..... B. subpinnatifida
11' Basal leaves generally entire; style generally < 0.5 mm; ovules > 60
12. Basal leaves 1–2 mm wide; inflorescence 7–15-flowered; fruit pedicel generally ascending near base, recurved near tip ..... B. lincolnensis
12' Basal leaves 3–13 mm wide; inflorescence > 15-flowered; fruit pedicel descending or horizontal near base
13. Fr generally > 7 cm, sparsely hairy throughout; seeds 1.7–2 mm, generally in 1 row ..... B. californica (2)
13' Fr generally < 7 cm, hairy on distal 2/3, glabrous near base; seeds 2–2.5 mm, generally irregularly in 2 rows ..... B. xylopoda
1' Fr, ovary glabrous
14. Cauline leaf base not lobed
15. Style > 2.2 mm
16. Petals ± white, 6–8 mm; fruit pendent, 4–7.5 cm ..... B. constancei
16' Petals lavender to purple, 8–13 mm; fruit ascending, 1.5–2.5 cm ..... B. parishii
15' Style < 2.2 mm
17. Basal leaves glabrous or hairs simple only
18. Lf margins with minute simple hairs; petals 4–5 mm ..... B. shevockii
18' Lvs glabrous; petals 6–10 mm
19. Caudex with crowded, persistent leaf bases; fruit ascending, not appressed to inflorescence axis; seeds in 1 row ..... B. davidsonii
19' Caudex without crowded, persistent leaf bases; fruit erect, appressed to inflorescence axis; seeds generally in 2 rows ..... B. lyallii (3)
17' Basal leaves with at least some branched hairs
20. Plant generally glabrous throughout except margins of basal leaves
21. Fr generally > 3 mm wide; seeds 3–6 mm
22. Margins of basal leaves with some 3–4-rayed hairs; ovules 18–30; pollen spheric ..... B. covillei (3)
22' Margins of basal leaves with simple and 2-rayed hairs; ovules 10–20; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. howellii (2)
21' Fr generally < 3 mm wide; seeds 1.5–2.2 mm
23. Petals 6–8.5 mm; fruit pedicel erect; seeds generally in 2 rows ..... B. lyallii (3)
23' Petals 4–5 mm; fruit pedicel ascending; seeds in 1 row ..... B. tiehmii (2)
20' Plant at least hairy on surfaces of basal leaves, generally throughout plant
24. Fr pendent or descending
25. Fr 5–8 mm wide; seeds 5–6 mm ..... B. glaucovalvula
25' Fr < 3 mm wide; seeds < 2 mm
26. Fr pedicel base generally abruptly recurved; fruit reflexed, generally appressed to inflorescence axis; cauline leaves 15–40; inflorescence generally > 15-flowered ..... B. retrofracta (3)
26' Fr pedicel base not abruptly recurved; fruit wide-pendent, not appressed to inflorescence axis; cauline leaves 2–17; inflorescence < 15-flowered
27. Surfaces of basal leaves with simple and 2-rayed hairs ..... B. pendulina (2)
27' Surfaces of basal leaves with 4–8-rayed hairs ..... B. pendulocarpa
24' Fr erect, ascending, or horizontal
28. Infl 1-sided in fruit ..... B. lemmonii (3)
28' Infl not 1-sided in fruit
29. Basal leaves generally wavy-margined to dentate, generally > 10 mm wide ..... B. repanda (2)
29' Basal leaves entire, generally < 10 mm wide
30. Proximal stems with simple and branched hairs
31. Petals lavender to purple; fruit 1.3–2 mm wide; ovules 24–40 ..... B. paupercula (2)
31' Petals white; fruit 4–5 mm wide; ovules 8–12 ..... B. pygmaea
30' Proximal stems with branched hairs only
32. Surfaces of basal leaves with at least some 8–14-rayed hairs
33. Petals 5–6 mm; style < 0.5 mm ..... B. dispar
33' Petals 9–14 mm; style 0.7–2 mm ..... B. johnstonii
32' Surfaces of basal leaves with 2–7-rayed hairs only
34. Fr 3–5.5 mm wide; seeds 3–8 mm, wing 0.8–2.5 mm wide
35. Basal leaves with short-stalked hairs generally 0.1–0.25 mm; fruit edges wavy, constricted between seeds ..... B. platysperma
35' Basal leaves with long-stalked hairs generally 0.25–0.5 mm; fruit edge not wavy or constricted between seeds ..... B. ultraalsa
34' Fr 2–3.2 mm wide; seeds 2.5–3.5 mm, wing 0.2–0.9 mm wide
36. Sepals glabrous; basal leaves 2–6 mm wide, with generally sessile hairs; fruit erect-ascending, generally appressed to inflorescence axis ..... B. elkoensis (2)
36' Sepals sparsely hairy; basal leaves 1–3 mm wide, with stalked hairs; fruit ascending, not appressed to inflorescence axis ..... B. pinzliae (2)
14' Cauline leaf base lobed
37. Sts glabrous proximally
38. Fr erect, generally appressed to inflorescence axis
39. Basal leaves with sessile 2-rayed mixed with 3- or 4-rayed hairs ..... B. calderi
39' Basal leaves with either sessile 2-rayed or short-stalked 2–6-rayed hairs, or occasionally glabrous
40. Petals white, occasionally pale lavender in age; cauline leaves 6–52; surfaces or margins of basal leaves with sessile 2 rayed hairs, occasionally glabrous ..... B. stricta (2)
40' Petals lavender to purple; cauline leaves 1–7; surfaces of basal leaves glabrous, margins with simple and short-stalked, branched hairs, occasionally glabrous
41. Ovules generally < 30; seed in 1 row, > 3 mm, wing 1–1.5 mm wide ..... B. covillei (3)
41' Ovules generally > 30; seed generally in 2 rows, < 3 mm, wing 0.3–0.5 mm wide ..... B. lyallii (3)
38' Fr reflexed, pendent, horizontal, or ascending (± erect), generally not appressed to inflorescence axis except generally when reflexed
42. Fr pendent to strongly reflexed
43. Sts arising at ground level, generally lacking woody bases; surfaces of basal leaves with some simple hairs; inflorescence generally > 12-flowered ..... B. rectissima (2)
43' Sts elevated above ground level on woody base; surfaces of basal leaves lacking simple hairs, generally glabrous; inflorescence generally < 12-flowered
44. Petals 8–11 mm, ± white; fruit 2.5–3.5 mm wide; inflorescence 3–7-flowered ..... B. rollei
44' Petals 4.5–6 mm, ± purple or rose at least near tip; fruit 3–6 mm wide; inflorescence 6–12-flowered ..... B. suffrutescens (3)
42' Fr ascending to horizontal or ± descending (± erect)
45. Cauline leaves > 14; seeds in 2 rows; fruit 6–10 cm; ChI ..... B. hoffmannii (2)
45' Cauline leaves < 14; seeds in 1 row; fruit generally < 6 cm; montane habitats on mainland
46. Fr > 2.9 mm wide; seeds 3–6 mm
47. Margins of basal leaves with some 3–4-rayed hairs; ovules 18–30; pollen spheric ..... B. covillei (3)
47' Margins of basal leaves with simple and 2-rayed hairs; ovules 10–20; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. howellii (2)
46' Fr < 2.9 mm wide; seeds 1–2.2 mm
48. Infl 1-sided in fruit ..... B. lemmonii (3)
48' Infl not 1-sided in fruit
49. Surfaces, margins of basal leaves with 4–7-rayed hairs; ovules 56–80; pollen spheric ..... B. peirsonii (2)
49' Surfaces of basal leaves glabrous, margins with simple and 2–3-rayed hairs; ovules 14–22; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. tiehmii (2)
37' Sts hairy proximally
50. Fr descending, pendent, or strongly reflexed
51. Fr pedicel base generally abruptly recurved
52. Fr > 2.7 mm wide; ovules 20–30; inflorescence 6–12-flowered ..... B. suffrutescens (3)
52' Fr < 2.7 mm wide; ovules 46–126; inflorescence generally > 12-flowered
53. St proximally with branched hairs only ..... B. retrofracta (3)
53' St proximally with simple and branched hairs, or simple hairs only
54. St proximally with simple and branched hairs; petals 4–6 mm ..... B. pinetorum (3)
54' St proximally with simple hairs only; petals 3–4 mm ..... B. rectissima (2)
51' Fr pedicel base ± recurved or straight
55. Fr pedicel hairy
56. St proximally with simple and branched hairs, or simple hairs only
57. Petals generally > 8 mm, purple to magenta; stems elevated above ground level on woody caudex with crowded, persistent leaf bases; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. koehleri (3)
57' Petals generally < 8 mm, lavender to white; stems from ± ground level, generally lacking woody caudex and crowded, persistent leaf bases; pollen spheric
58. Fr spreading-descending; fruit pedicel with many 2–3-rayed hairs ..... B. pauciflora (2)
58' Fr reflexed to ± appressed; fruit pedicel with few simple and 2-rayed hairs only, occasionally glabrous ..... B. pinetorum (3)
56' St proximally with branched hairs only
59. Petals generally > 9 mm; fruit generally > 6 cm ..... B. californica (2)
59' Petals generally < 9 mm; fruit generally < 6 cm
60. Surfaces of basal leaves with hairs 0.1–0.2 mm; seed wing 0.25–0.5 mm wide; ovules 34–64; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. cobrensis (2)
60' Surfaces of basal leaves with hairs 0.2–0.7 mm; seed wing < 0.25 mm wide; ovules 74–134; pollen spheric ..... B. inyoensis (2)
55' Fr pedicel glabrous (sparsely hairy)
61. Petals generally > 8 mm, purple to magenta; caudex woody, leaf bases crowded, persistent ..... B. koehleri (3)
61' Petals generally < 8 mm, white to lavender (rose-purple); caudex woody or not, crowded-persistent leaf bases 0
62. Fr > 2.7 mm wide; seed wing > 0.7 mm wide; stems elevated above ground surface on woody caudex ..... B. suffrutescens (3)
62' Fr < 2.7 mm wide; seed wing < 0.7 mm wide; stems generally not elevated above ground surface on woody caudex
63. Fr reflexed to ± appressed; pollen spheric; KR, CaR, SN
64. St proximally with stalked, 2–5-rayed hairs; seeds 1.5–1.8 mm ..... B. pinetorum (3)
64' St proximally with ± sessile, 2-rayed hairs; seeds 2–2.5 mm ..... B. tularensis
63' Fr wide-pendent to spreading-descending, not appressed; pollen ellipsoid; SW, GB, D
65. St proximally generally simple-hairy; seeds in 2 rows ..... B. pendulina (2)
65' St proximally generally branched-hairy; seeds in 1 row
66. Basal leaves dentate; stem proximally with 2–5-rayed hairs ..... B. perennans
66' Basal leaves entire; stem proximally with 4–10-rayed hairs ..... B. cobrensis (2)
50' Fr erect, ascending, or horizontal (pendent)
67. Lf hairs ± sessile, branches generally appressed; sepals generally glabrous
68. Basal leaves with branched hairs 2-rayed only; petals white, occasionally pale lavender in age; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. stricta (2)
68' Basal leaves with some 3–4-rayed hairs; petals purple to lavender (± white); pollen spheric
69. Fr erect to ascending, generally appressed to inflorescence axis
70. Cauline leaves 3–6; seeds 2.5–3.5 mm ..... B. elkoensis (2)
70' Cauline leaves > 6; seeds 1.4–2 mm ..... B. pratincola
69' Fr spreading-ascending to horizontal, not appressed to axis
71. Cauline leaves generally > 10; fruit 1.7–2.5 mm wide; seeds 1.4–2 mm ..... B. divaricarpa
71' Cauline leaves generally < 10; fruit 2.5–3.5 mm wide; seeds 2.5–3.2 mm ..... B. rigidissima
67' Lf hairs stalked, branches not appressed; sepals generally hairy
72. St proximally with some simple hairs
73. Fr erect, appressed to inflorescence axis; ovules 24–40 ..... B. paupercula (2)
73' Fr ascending to horizontal, not appressed to inflorescence axis; ovules > 40
74. Fr pedicel hairs 2–4-rayed only
75. Fr 1.2–1.5 mm wide, ovules 46–52; leaf surface hairs < 0.3 mm ..... B. evadens
75' Fr 1.5–2.2 mm wide, ovules 80–250; leaf surface hairs >= 0.3 mm
76. Petals 9–14 mm, purple; fruit pedicel generally > 10 mm; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. arcuata (2)
76' Petals 5–8 mm, lavender to ± white; fruit pedicel generally < 10 mm; pollen spheric ..... B. pauciflora (2)
74' Fr pedicel glabrous or with simple, occasionally some 2-rayed hairs
77. Basal leaves generally <= 3 mm wide; caudex woody, with crowded, persistent leaf bases ..... B. koehleri (3)
77' Basal leaves generally > 3 mm wide; caudex woody or not, crowded-persistent leaf bases 0
78. Distal cauline leaves glabrous, occasionally ciliate; cauline leaf basal lobes generally > 3 mm; NW, CaR, SNE ..... B. sparsiflora
78' Distal cauline leaves hairy; cauline leaf basal lobes generally < 3 mm; widespread
79. St proximally with some 3 rayed, 0.1–0.5 mm hairs ..... B. rubicundula
79' St proximally with simple and 2-rayed hairs only (all simple), 0.4–1 mm ..... B. breweri
80. St 0.6–2 dm; fruit pedicel generally < 9 mm, hairy ..... subsp. breweri (2)
80' St 1.8–4.5 dm; fruit pedicel generally > 9 mm, glabrous or hairs few, scattered ..... subsp. shastaensis
72' St proximally with branched hairs only
81. Infl 1-sided in fruit ..... B. lemmonii (3)
81' Infl not 1-sided in fruit
82. St proximally with at least some 2–3-rayed hairs
83. Petals 8–10 mm; inflorescence 30–70-flowered; pollen ellipsoid; ChI ..... B. hoffmannii (2)
83' Petals 4–7 mm; inflorescence 5–25-flowered; pollen spheric; mainland montane areas
84. Petals white or lavender; fruit < 1.9 mm wide; KR ..... B. acutina
84' Petals purple; fruit > 1.9 mm wide; SnBr, W&I
85. Infl 12–25-flowered; stem proximally with hairs 0.4–0.6 mm only; seeds 1–1.5 mm; SnBr ..... B. peirsonii (2)
85' Infl 5–8-flowered; stem proximally with hairs 0.05–0.2 mm only; seeds 2.5–3.5 mm; W&I ..... B. pinzliae (2)
82' St proximally with 4–12-rayed hairs only
86. Petals 3–5 mm
87. Sts > 1.5 dm; fruit 4–6.2 cm; ovules 48–68 ..... B. bodiensis
87' Sts generally < 1.5 dm; fruit 1.7–4.5 cm; ovules 32–44 ..... B. depauperata
86' Petals 5–9 mm
88. Style 1.5–2 mm; ovules 20–24 ..... B. serpenticola (2)
88' Style < 0.7 mm; ovules 74–190
89. Petals 1.2–2 mm wide; surfaces of basal leaves with hairs 0.2–0.7 mm; seeds 1.7–2 mm; pollen spheric ..... B. inyoensis (2)
89' Petals 0.8–1.2 mm wide; surfaces of basal leaves with hairs 0.1–0.2 mm; seeds 1–1.3 mm; pollen ellipsoid ..... B. shockleyi (2)
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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