The Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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Annual to perennial herb, taprooted or with caudex or rhizome; herbage ± strigose-bristly or spreading-hairy, ± stalked- glandular, generally ± strongly aromatic.
Stem: 1–many, ascending or erect, ± branched.
Leaf: basal and cauline, alternate; proximal petioled or sessile, oblanceolate to ovate, petiole or blade base generally ± spreading-long-hairy; distal ± reduced.
Inflorescence: ± flat-topped to raceme- or panicle-like; heads discoid or generally radiate; involucre ± cylindric to bell- or urn-shaped; phyllaries ± graduated in ± 3–7 series; receptacle flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate.
Ray flower: 0 or 10–40; ray yellow.
Disk flower: many; corolla yellow; anther tip narrowly triangular; style tips narrowly triangular, papillate.
Fruit: obconic; ray fruit ± 3-angled, pappus 0 or of bristles; disk fruit compressed, outer pappus of few to many bristle-like scales 0.2–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristles in 2–3 series, 3–10 mm.
28 species: North America. (Greek: different cases, for ray and disk fruits of some species) [Semple 2006 FNANM 20:230–256]

Key to Heterotheca

1. Ray flowers 0; outer disk pappus scales few — generally dry streambeds ..... H. oregona

2. Lvs of branches sparsely hairy or scabrous, ± densely glandular

3. Lvs of branches generally > 13 mm, > 3 mm wide, sparsely hairy; outer phyllaries lance-deltate; NW, CaR, CW ..... var. oregona

3' Lvs of branches generally < 13 mm, < 3 mm wide, ± scabrous; outer phyllaries ovate-deltate; SnJV, CW ..... var. scaberrima

2' Lvs of branches ± densely hairy, sparsely glandular

4. St generally branched proximal to middle; leaves long-soft-hairy and ± densely bristly, appearing gray-green; NW, CaR, n&c SNF, n SNH, SnJV, CW ..... var. compacta

4' St generally loosely branched distal to middle; leaves short-bristly, appearing green; NW, CaR, n SNF, CW ..... var. rudis

1' Ray flowers present; outer disk pappus scales generally many

5. Ray fruit ± glabrous or minutely puberulent; ray pappus 0; annual to short-lived perennial herb

6. Distal leaves not clasping; ± CA-FP ..... H. grandiflora

6' Distal leaves clasping; Teh, SCo, e DSon ..... H. subaxillaris subsp. latifolia

5' Ray fruit hairy; ray pappus present; perennial herb

7. Disk corolla lobes ± glabrous or sparsely minutely strigose; leaf stiff-hairy, margins flat or inrolled — CaR, SN, MP, sw DMtns

8. St generally 5–13 dm; mid-stem leaves lance-triangular, margin generally ± inrolled; inner pappus bristles <= disk corolla; s SNF ..... H. shevockii

8' St (1)2–5 dm; mid-stem leaves (ob)lanceolate or narrowly lance-triangular, generally flat; inner pappus bristles generally >= disk corolla ..... H. villosa

9. Mid-stem leaves (ob)lanceolate, ± moderately strigose (not bristly), glandular; CaR, SN, MP ..... var. minor

9' Mid-stem leaves narrowly lance-triangular, ± sparsely scabrous to bristly, ± densely glandular; sw DMtns ..... var. scabra

7' Disk corolla lobes generally sparsely short- to long-hairy (coastal or SnFrB plants sometimes ± glabrous); leaf stiff- or soft-hairy, margins often wavy

10. St 9–18 cm; distal leaves narrowly oblanceolate, little reduced, bases tapering; SN ..... H. monarchensis

10' St generally 20–70(130) cm; distal leaves narrowly to widely lanceolate (if oblanceolate then corolla lobe hairs to 1 mm), generally reduced, bases rounded; Teh, CW, SW ..... H. sessiliflora

11. Margins of distal leaves flat to weakly wavy, leaf hairs ± 2 mm

12. Proximal stem sparsely woolly; distal leaves oblanceolate, little reduced, flat, strigose to long-woolly; c&s NCo, n CCo, SnFrB ..... subsp. bolanderi

12' Proximal stem bristly; distal leaves elliptic to lanceolate, generally much reduced, occasionally ± wavy-margined, strigose and bristly; generally inland c&s CA ..... subsp. echioides

11' Margins of distal leaves distinctly wavy, leaf hairs ± 1 mm

13. Head not subtended by leaf-like bracts; distal leaves ± white, stiff; TR, PR, w DMoj, w DSon > 100 m ..... subsp. fastigiata

13' Head subtended by large leaf-like bracts; distal leaves green, not stiff; s CCo, SCo <= 60 m ..... subsp. sessiliflora

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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