The Jepson Herbarium
		University of California, Berkeley

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[Annual] perennial herbs to subshrub from taproot or woody caudex, glabrous or tomentose, often glandular-sticky.
Leaf: simple, alternate, generally not fleshy, entire, crenate, serrate, or pinnately lobed, gland-dotted.
Inflorescence: heads generally radiate (discoid); involucre obconic to hemispheric, generally gummy; phyllaries in 4–10 graduated series; receptacle flat to convex, ± pitted, epaleate.
Ray flower: 0–60; corolla yellow.
Disk flower: corolla yellow; anther tip lanceolate; style-branch appendages linear to lanceolate, generally >= stigmatic portion.
Fruit: cylindric or swollen-obconic, shiny-white to ± brown, smooth or ridged, glabrous; pappus of 1–6 narrow awns (occasionally construed as bristle-like) [25–40 bristles], ± < disk corolla, generally entire, deciduous.
± 60 species: c&w North America, South America. (D.H. Grindel, Latvian botanist, 1776–1836) [Strother & Wetter 2006 FNANM 20:424–436] Variable. Morphologically intermediate plants common where species ranges overlap. Strother & Wetter treated all CA species except Grindelia squarrosa and Grindelia fraxinipratensis in Grindelia hirsutula. Grindelia ciliata (Nutt.) Spreng. [Prionopsis ciliata (Nutt.) Nutt.], with pappus of many united bristles (falling as a unit), is an historical waif from n CCo, n SCo.

Key to Grindelia

1. Lvs crenate, each tooth with a distinct, ± yellow bump near tip ..... G. squarrosa var. serrulata

1' Lvs entire or serrate; if serrate, ± yellow bump near tip of teeth 0;

2. Plants of dunes, salt marshes, coastal bluffs, tidal flats, sloughs; leaves ± fleshy; NCo to SCo, deltaic GV (Suisun)

3. Sts woody in proximal 3–15 dm, erect; phyllaries appressed to head except for short, erect tips, tip < 3 mm long; tidal wetlands; CCo (San Francisco Bay) ..... G. stricta var. angustifolia

3' Sts herbaceous or woody in proximal 0–1 dm, erect, decumbent, or prostrate; phyllaries generally spreading, recurved, or coiled; widespread

4. Sts erect, 6–20 dm; salt marshes, sloughs

5. Lvs on flowering stems generally widest at base or of ± equal width throughout; Deltaic GV (Suisun) ..... G. ×paludosa

5' Lvs on flowering stems generally widest at rounded tip or ± equally wide at tip and base but narrower in middle of leaf; NCo ..... G. stricta var. stricta (2)

4' Sts prostrate, decumbent, or erect, if erect, stems 1–6 dm; dunes, coastal bluffs

6. Plants decumbent or erect; leaves generally sessile, sometimes clasping stems, ± same width throughout or widest near base; NCo to SCo, ChI ..... G. stricta var. platyphylla

6' Plants decumbent; leaves generally tapered to petioles, widest at rounded tip; NCo ..... G. stricta var. stricta (2)

2' Plants of fields, grassland, woodland, serpentine soils, disturbed areas, or interior wetlands; leaves not fleshy; widespread (absent from Suisun delta)

7. Phyllaries flattened throughout, gradually tapered to tips; phyllary tips erect; plants generally ± hairy

8. Heads 7–10 mm diam; rays 8–9 mm; PR (San Diego Co.) ..... G. hallii (2)

8' Involucres 7–25 mm diam; rays 8–20 mm; NCoR, GV, CW ..... G. hirsutula

7' Phyllaries flattened only at bases, rounded in ×-section distally, abruptly narrowed to tips; phyllary tips spreading, reflexed, or coiled; plants generally glabrous

9. Heads ± obconic; e DMoj, wet clay of meadows, woodland borders ..... G. fraxinipratensis

9' Heads bell-shaped or hemispheric, widening abruptly at the base; widespread

10. Phyllaries appressed to head for > 3/4 length, reflexed or coiled portion < 3 mm; PR (San Diego Co.) ..... G. hallii (2)

10' Phyllaries appressed to head for < 1/2 length, spreading, reflexed, or coiled portion > 5 mm; widespread

11. Outer phyllaries reflexed, curved, or coiled < 270° ..... G. camporum (2)

11' > 75% of phyllaries coiled or recurved 270–360° or more

12. Plants 6–25 dm; mature involucre bell-shaped to hemispheric, 15–22 mm diam; SnJV, SCo (geog subset of sp.) ..... G. camporum (2)

12' Plants 1–5 dm; mature involucre bell-shaped, 7–12 mm diam; CaR, MP ..... G. nana

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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