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Shrub to vine, often thicket-forming, generally prickly.
Leaf: generally odd-pinnately compound; stipules generally attached to petiole, generally gland-margined.
Inflorescence: generally ± cyme or flowers 1; pedicel bractlets 0.
Flower: hypanthium urn-shaped, bractlets 0; sepals often with long expanded tip; petals generally 5 (except cultivated), generally pink in CA (white to red or yellow); stamens generally > 20; pistils generally many, ovaries superior, styles attached at tip, generally hairy.
Fruit: bony achenes generally enclosed in fleshy, generally ± red hypanthium (hip).
100+ species: generally n temperate. (Latin: ancient name) [Ertter & Lewis 2008 Madroño 55:170–177] Spp. hybridize freely; other non-natives established locally. FNANM treatment by Lewis & Ertter uses both subspp. and vars., the latter mostly reserved for localized variants within a subsp.
Unabridged references: [Lewis & Ertter 2007 Novon 17:342–353]

Key to Rosa

1. Lflets << 1 cm, toothed ± 1/2 to base; hypanthium densely prickly — PR ..... R. minutifolia

1' Lflets generally > 1 cm, toothed < 1/4 to base; hypanthium glabrous to stalked-glandular

2. Sepals with toothed lateral lobes; prickles compressed side-to-side, curved

3. Hypanthium 1–2 mm wide at flower, 5–7 mm wide at fruit; pistils generally < 10 ..... R. multiflora

3' Hypanthium 4–5 mm wide at flower, 10–20 mm wide at fruit; pistils > 10

4. Lvs and sepals ± glandless; petals white to pink; terminal leaflet ± ovate ..... R. canina

4' Lvs and sepals glandular; petals pink; terminal leaflet generally elliptic to ± widely obovate ..... R. rubiginosa

2' Sepals generally entire (tip sometimes toothed); prickles compressed or slender, straight or curved

5. Sepals deciduous in fruit; hypanthium 1.5–2 mm wide at flower; pistils 5–10; sepal tip generally << body; petals ± 10 mm — leaflets glabrous, flowers 1–3; pedicels generally stalked-glandular ..... R. gymnocarpa

6. Lflets generally (5)7–9; terminal leaflet tip generally ± obtuse, ± 10–30 mm; pedicels ± 15–30 mm; plants to ± 5–20 dm, generally in shade on non-ultramafic substrates; widespread ..... var. gymnocarpa

6' Lflets generally 5(7); terminal leaflet tip widely obtuse to rounded, 4–20 mm; pedicels ± 10–15 mm; plants to generally 3–6 dm, full sun on ultramafic substrates; KR ..... var. serpentina

5' Sepals persistent; hypanthium 2.5–7 mm wide at flower; pistils generally > 10; sepal tip ± = or often > body; petals 10–25 mm

7. Dwarf, openly rhizomed shrubs, generally 1–5(10) dm; leaflet tip often ± truncate — leaf margins generally ± glandular, generally double-toothed

8. Hypanthium stalked-glandular — prickles generally ± slender, often many; NW, CW, MP(1 site), 150–1550(1950) m ..... R. spithamea

8' Hypanthium generally glandless, rarely sparsely glandular

9. Prickles few, paired, ± thick-based; terminal leaflet generally widely obovate; flower 1–2(7); CaR, SN, 700–2500 m ..... R. bridgesii

9' Prickles generally many, generally not paired, both slender and ± thick-based; terminal leaflet generally ± elliptic; flowers generally 1–5; CW, generally < 300 m ..... R. pinetorum

7' Open or thicket-forming shrubs, generally > 5 dm; leaflet tip not truncate

10. Terminal leaflet ± obovate-elliptic, widest at or above middle; leaf axis finely velvety, hairs ± 0.1 mm (glabrous), glandless; prickles slender to ± thick-based, generally ± straight; sepals glandless (in CA); CaRH, SNH, Teh, TR, GB, DMtns ..... R. woodsii

11. Prickles generally many, 2–10(13) mm, often ± thick-based, internodal prickles generally present in inflorescence; c&s SNH, Teh, TR, SNE, DMtns ..... subsp. gratissima

11' Prickes few to many, 2–7 mm, slender, internodal prickles generally 0 in inflorescence; CaRH, n SNH, MP, n SNE ..... subsp. ultramontana

10' Terminal leaflet generally ovate to elliptic, generally widest at or below middle; leaf axis variously hairy, hairs to 1 mm, sometimes glandular; prickles generally ± thick-based, often curved; sepals often glandular; CA-FP, adjacent DMoj

12. Fls generally 1(6); hypanthium generally 5–7 mm wide at flower, (10)13–20 mm wide at fruit, generally ± spheric; achenes generally 4.5–6 mm — prickles to 20 mm, generally ± compressed, ± straight to ± curved; sepal tips generally > body, toothed ..... R. nutkana

13. Lflets generally ± single-toothed, generally glandless; prickles generally few; NCoRO, KR, CaRH; 750–1500 m ..... subsp. macdougalii

13' Lflets double-toothed, ± glandular especially beneath; prickles generally many; NCo, NCoRO, CCo; < 700 m ..... subsp. nutkana

12' Fls 1–many; hypanthium 2.5–5.5 mm wide at flower, 7–15(20) mm wide at fruit, spheric to (ob)ovoid; achenes 3–5 mm

14. Prickles generally thick-based, generally curved (straight), few to many; leaflets and leaf axis generally ± shaggy-hairy, hairs to 1 mm; pedicel generally ± hairy; hypanthium generally (ob)ovoid, glabrous to sparsely hairy, neck 2–4.5 mm wide at flower ..... R. californica

14' Prickles slender to ± thick-based, straight (± curved), 0–few; leaflets and leaf axis ± glabrous to ± hairy, hairs 0.1–1 mm; pedicels generally glabrous (except for glands); hypanthium spheric to ovoid, glabrous, neck ± 2 mm wide at flower ..... R. pisocarpa

15. Fls 1–3(10); sepals generally glandless; prickles 0 to paired at nodes; leaflets generally 5(7) ..... subsp. ahartii

15' Fls (1)3–10; sepals generally glandular; prickles generally paired at nodes; leaflets generally (5)7(9) ..... subsp. pisocarpa

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Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) [year] Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on month, day, year]
Citation for an individual treatment: [Author of taxon treatment] [year]. [Taxon name] in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, [URL for treatment]. Accessed on [month, day, year].
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