#NEXUS [MacClade 3.05 registered to Franois Lutzoni, ] BEGIN MacCladeStart; Extended; END; BEGIN DATA; DIMENSIONS NTAX=51 NCHAR=77; FORMAT SYMBOLS= " 0 1 2 3 4" MISSING=? GAP=- ;OPTIONS MSTAXA=VARIABLE ; CHARLABELS [1] Circinnate_vernation [2] 'F-S_leaf_differentiation' [3] Blade_dissection [4] Primary_vein_form [5] Vein_orders [6] Secondary_vein_form [7] Vein_fusion [8] Areoles [9] Hydathodes [10] Blade_hairs [11] Blade_scales [12] GMC_division [13] GMC_subsid_cell_origin [14] Dromy_at_base_of_blade [15] Pulvini [16] Pneumathodes [17] Blade_articulation [18] Trophopods [19] Adaxial_outline_of_stipe|rachis [20] Sclerenchyma_coloration [21] Sclerenchyma_fibers [22] Epipetiolar_branches [23] 'Stipe_stele_number_(base->apex)' [24] Xylem_configuration_in_stipe [25] Primary_xylem_bordered_pits [26] Rhizome_symmetry [27] Rhizome_stele_type [28] Rhizome_stele_cycles [29] Vascular_cambium [30] Rhizome_hairs [31] Rhizome_scales [32] Rhizome_scale_pattern [33] Roots [34] Root_hairs [35] Root_anatomy [36] Growth_habit [37] 'Mucilage/latex_canals' [38] True_vessels [39] Intranuclear_paracrystals [40] Hypodermis [41] First_division_of_zygote [42] Sporangial_wall_thickness [43] Receptacle [44] Sporangial_stalk_length [45] Sporangial_stalk_width [46] Spore_output [47] Sori [48] Sorus_outline [49] Sporangial|soral_position [50] 'Soral/sporangial_maturation' [51] 'No._sporangia/sorus' [52] Indusium [53] Indusium_origin [54] Indus_attach_to_sorus [55] Indusium_opening [56] Annulus [57] Annulus_aspect [58] Annulus_span [59] Sporogenesis [60] Spore_laesura [61] Spores_chlorophyllous [62] Spore__equatorial_flange [63] Perispore_prominence [64] Perispore_surface [65] Exospore_structure [66] Exospore_surface [67] Spore_germination [68] Gametophyte_form [69] Gametophyte_hairs [70] Gametophytes_green [71] Gam._fungal_assoc. [72] Dependent_gametophyte [73] Antherdium_position [74] Archegonium_position [75] No._anth._wall_cells [76] No._arch_neck_tiers [77] Gemmae_producing_gametophytes ; STATELABELS 1 no yes, 2 monomorphic 'hemi_-_at_tip' 'hemi_-_at_base' dimorphic, 3 simple compound, 4 dichotomous 'anisotomous_(pinnate)' solitary|unbranched, 5 one two three four_or_more, 6 dichotomous anisotomous, 7 nonanastomosing anastomosing, 8 without_free_included_veinlets with_free_included_veinlets, 9 absent present, 10 absent present, 11 absent present, 12 diameristic parameristic anomomeristic, 13 perigenous mesogenous mesoperigenous, 14 catadromous anadromous isodromous, 15 absent present, 16 absent present_scattered present_lines_patches, 17 absent present, 18 absent present, 19 convex_to_flattened sulcate, 20 'not_dark-pigmented' dark_pigmented, 21 absent present, 22 absent present, 23 'monostele->polystele' monostele 'distele->monostele' polystele distele, 24 'C,_U,_V,_O,_½,_arc)' 'solid_*,_T,_Ę' 'X_(sometimes_becoming_V)' 3_arches polycyclic, 25 scalariform circular, 26 radial dorsiventral, 27 protostele solenostele dictyostele eustele, 28 monocyclic polycyclic, 29 absent present, 30 absent present, 31 absent present, 32 uniformly_colored sharply_bicolored clathrate, 33 absent present, 34 absent present, 35 '2-5-arch' polyarch, 36 terrestrial epiphytic rooted_aquatic floating_aquatic, 37 absent present, 38 absent present, 39 absent present, 40 absent present, 41 horizontal vertical 'free-nuclear_phase', 42 single_cell_layer 2_or_more_cell_layers, 43 '(nearly)_flat' convex elongate branched, 44 sessile_to_short long, 45 'massive_(>6_cell_rows_wide)' '4-6_cell_rows_wide' '1-3_cell_rows_wide', 46 '1000+' '>100<1000' '<100', 47 absent present, 48 roundish elongate, 49 marginal 'dorsal_(abaxial)' adaxial, 50 ±_simultaneous gradate mixed, 51 'few_(<12)' many, 52 absent present, 53 marginal adaxial, 54 lateral basal central, 55 introrse extrorse suprasoral circumsoral none, 56 absent present, 57 apical lateral oblique_to_transverse vert_to_slightly_oblique, 58 continuous_bow interrupted_bow restricted_patch, 59 homosporous anisosporous heterosporous, 60 linear triradiate papillalike furrow circular, 61 no yes, 62 absent present, 63 not_prominent prominent, 64 '(nearly)_smooth' sculptured, 65 '2-layers_(blechnoid)' '3-layers' '5-layers', 66 '(nearly)_smooth' sculptured, 67 equatorial polar amorphous, 68 tuberous filamentous 'cordate-thalloid' 'elongate-thalloid' reduced, 69 absent present, 70 no yes, 71 absent present, 72 no yes, 73 embedded exposed, 74 embedded exposed, 75 ³_5 '3-(rarely)_5', 76 '>6' '1-5_(rarely)_6', 77 no 'yes,_borne_from_thallus' 'yes,_borne_from_rhizoids', ; MATRIX Anemia_mexicana 1211210?01001100001010100010010?110000??1000110??0?0???1000100000112110011110 Asplenium_filipes 1011210?110021000111102201200012110000??1001221112111011310000110012?10011110 Azolla_caroliniana 02100?0?01002?00000000110110000?110300??101(01)22(01)0?111?120??21001100140001?0110 Blechnum_occidentale 1011210?11102100001010300020001(01)1100001?1001221112111001310000100112110011110 Cheiropleuria_bicuspis 1300211100011?00000010000100010?110000??1000110?12?0???1300100001002011011000 Cyathea_lepifera 1011310?111020021010103300210010110010??101012101110???1300100110002110011000 Blotiella_pubescens 1011311011002102001011300020010?110000??1001221102110001310000110012010011110 Dennstaedtia_punctilobula 1011310?11002002001011100111010?110000?0100022100101(01)1213101011?0012010011110 Histiopteris_incisa 10113110111020000010113001100110110000??1001221102110001310000000112010011110 Lindsaea_odorata 1011100?100021000010101001000010110000??1001221102?11011310000100012010011110 Lonchitis_hirsuta 1011310?11002000001010300110010?110000??1000221102110001310100110012010011110 Microlepia_strigosa 1011310?11002102001010100110010?1100000?1011221001111011310100010012010011110 Monachosorum_henryi 1011310?110020000010102001(12)0010?110000??100122101010???1310100110113010011110 Pteridium_aquilinum 1011310?01002002001011300111010?1100011(01)1001221102110001310100010012010011110 Calochlaena_dubia 1011310?01011102001010100010010?110010??101012100111(01)121300100000102010011000 Dicksonia_antarctica 1011310?01002102000010330020010?1100001?101112100111(01)121300100000102010011000 Dipteris_conjugata 1010211101011?000010100001100010110000?0100112101210???1310000001002010011000 Davallia_mariesii 1011310?10002102101010300120001(01)110100??1001221012111011310000000112110011110 Elaphoglossum_hybridum 1301100?01102?02001010300?200010110000??1001220?12?0???131000011001{23}110011110 Nephrolepis_cordifolia 1011210?1010220010101030002000101100001?1001221012111011310000110012110011110 Onoclea_sensibilis 13113110111021000100102001200010110000?01011221011111011310010110012110011110 Rumohra_adiantiformis 1011310?001021020010103001200010110000??1001221012111231310000110012110011110 Diplopterygium_glaucum 1010310?001021000000101001000010110000??1000?1101000???1200100001002111011000 Stromatopteris_moniliformis 1011100?01002100001110100?000110100000?0101011101010???12000000011?0001011000 Micropolypodium_okuboi 1001110?110021000000101000100010110100??100122101210???13101100001{01}3110011111 Cephalomanes_thysanostomum 1011310?010??1000000?0110000010?110000??1020?1100111(01)01120011000110101?0110?1 Lygodium_japonicum 1111310?01002000000010110100010?110000?01000110?10?11011000100110112010011110 Angiopteris_evecta 1011310?0012001100001034(01)0210010111010?1011000111000???0??0100101122011000010 Marsilea_quadrifolia 12100?1001002?10000000100110010?11020110101(01)22110101(01)140??2(12)001000140001??110 Matonia_pectinata 1011310?00002000001010100111010?110000??1000121010011231210100111022010011000 Metaxya_rostrata 1011210?0101(12)102001011100110010?110000??100012101010???13001001100?2010011000 Botrychium_strictum 0311310?010201000000003010(12)0100?100000??0100000??0?0???0??0100001110001001000 Osmunda_cinnamomea 1311310?010200000010101000(12)0010?110000?01000110??0?0???1120110011112011011000 Ceratopteris_thalictroides 13113110000020000000003000210010110200??1000?2110211000131010001011201?001110 Plagiogyria_japonica 1311210?00002?02001010100020000?110000??1001121112110001300100110012010011000 Loxogramme_grammitoides 1001111000002?000000?01101200012110000??100022111210???1310010000103?10011111 Polypodium_australe 1001210?111022001000103001200010110000??100122101210???13100000001{01}2110011110 Psilotum_nudum 030?????00020?0000?010??(01)0(01)0010?0??(01)000?01000010?000???0??0000001110001011012 Acrostichum_aureum 11112110010021000010103400(12)10010110200?11001220?02?0???1310100010012010011110 Adiantum_raddianum 1011310?000021000011102001(12)00010110000??1000221102110001310100110012010011110 Coniogramme_japonica 1011311011102(012)000010101001(12)00010110000?1100022111210???1310100000?12010011110 Platyzoma_microphyllum 1(03)11210?01002?00101110100110010?110000??100022111200???131110000011(13)010011110 Pteris_fauriei 1011310?010021000010101000(12)10011110000??1000221102110001310101000112010011110 Taenitis_blechnoides 1011211001002?00001010?001(12)0010?110000??100022111210???1310101010112010011110 Salvinia_cucullata 0(23)01211001002?00000000110110010?0??300??103(01)2210?111?120??21001100140101?0110 Actinostachys_digitata 11020???00002?00000010100010010?110000??1000110??0?10001000000000120001011110 Thelypteris_beddomei 1011310?010022020010102000200010110000??1000221012111011310000110112110011110 Vittaria_flexuosa 1001111000002?000011102001(12)00012110000??100022110210???1310000000013010011111 Lycopodium_digitatum 03020?0?00020?0000??10??1000000?110010?00100000?2??0???0??0100000100001001000 Equisetum_arvense 0?020?0?10011?0000??00??1010010?110001?10100?0???0?0???0??04100100?3010011010 Cycas_circinalis 0311110?01020?000000?0301030110?1?1010??2100000?10?0???0??2300??20?40001?0?10 ; END; BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS; OPTIONS DEFTYPE=unord PolyTcount=MINSTEPS ; END; BEGIN TREES; UTREE Default_bush = [&U] (Anemia_mexicana,Asplenium_filipes,Azolla_caroliniana,Blechnum_occidentale,Cheiropleuria_bicuspis,Cyathea_lepifera,Blotiella_pubescens,Dennstaedtia_punctilobula,Histiopteris_incisa,Lindsaea_odorata,Lonchitis_hirsuta,Microlepia_strigosa,Monachosorum_henryi,Pteridium_aquilinum,Calochlaena_dubia,Dicksonia_antarctica,Dipteris_conjugata,Davallia_mariesii,Elaphoglossum_hybridum,Nephrolepis_cordifolia,Onoclea_sensibilis,Rumohra_adiantiformis,Diplopterygium_glaucum,Stromatopteris_moniliformis,Cephalomanes_thysanostomum,Lygodium_japonicum,Angiopteris_evecta,Marsilea_quadrifolia,Matonia_pectinata,Metaxya_rostrata,Botrychium_strictum,Osmunda_cinnamomea,Ceratopteris_thalictroides,Plagiogyria_japonica,Loxogramme_grammitoides,Polypodium_australe,Psilotum_nudum,Acrostichum_aureum,Adiantum_raddianum,Coniogramme_japonica,Platyzoma_microphyllum,Taenitis_blechnoides,Salvinia_cucullata,Actinostachys_digitata,Thelypteris_beddomei,Vittaria_flexuosa); UTREE Default_bush = [&U] (Anemia_mexicana,Asplenium_filipes,Azolla_caroliniana,Blechnum_occidentale,Cheiropleuria_bicuspis,Cyathea_lepifera,Blotiella_pubescens,Dennstaedtia_punctilobula,Histiopteris_incisa,Lindsaea_odorata,Lonchitis_hirsuta,Microlepia_strigosa,Monachosorum_henryi,Pteridium_aquilinum,Calochlaena_dubia,Dicksonia_antarctica,Dipteris_conjugata,Davallia_mariesii,Elaphoglossum_hybridum,Nephrolepis_cordifolia,Onoclea_sensibilis,Rumohra_adiantiformis,Diplopterygium_glaucum,Stromatopteris_moniliformis,Cephalomanes_thysanostomum,Lygodium_japonicum,Angiopteris_evecta,Marsilea_quadrifolia,Matonia_pectinata,Metaxya_rostrata,Botrychium_strictum,Osmunda_cinnamomea,Ceratopteris_thalictroides,Plagiogyria_japonica,Loxogramme_grammitoides,Polypodium_australe,Psilotum_nudum,Acrostichum_aureum,Adiantum_raddianum,Coniogramme_japonica,Platyzoma_microphyllum,Taenitis_blechnoides,Salvinia_cucullata,Actinostachys_digitata,Thelypteris_beddomei,Vittaria_flexuosa); UTREE Default_bush = [&U] (Anemia_mexicana,Asplenium_filipes,Azolla_caroliniana,Blechnum_occidentale,Cheiropleuria_bicuspis,Cyathea_lepifera,Blotiella_pubescens,Dennstaedtia_punctilobula,Histiopteris_incisa,Lindsaea_odorata,Lonchitis_hirsuta,Microlepia_strigosa,Monachosorum_henryi,Pteridium_aquilinum,Calochlaena_dubia,Dicksonia_antarctica,Dipteris_conjugata,Davallia_mariesii,Elaphoglossum_hybridum,Nephrolepis_cordifolia,Onoclea_sensibilis,Rumohra_adiantiformis,Diplopterygium_glaucum,Stromatopteris_moniliformis,Cephalomanes_thysanostomum,Lygodium_japonicum,Angiopteris_evecta,Marsilea_quadrifolia,Matonia_pectinata,Metaxya_rostrata,Botrychium_strictum,Osmunda_cinnamomea,Ceratopteris_thalictroides,Plagiogyria_japonica,Loxogramme_grammitoides,Polypodium_australe,Psilotum_nudum,Acrostichum_aureum,Adiantum_raddianum,Coniogramme_japonica,Platyzoma_microphyllum,Taenitis_blechnoides,Salvinia_cucullata,Actinostachys_digitata,Thelypteris_beddomei,Vittaria_flexuosa); UTREE * Default_bush = [&U] (Anemia_mexicana,Asplenium_filipes,Azolla_caroliniana,Blechnum_occidentale,Cheiropleuria_bicuspis,Cyathea_lepifera,Blotiella_pubescens,Dennstaedtia_punctilobula,Histiopteris_incisa,Lindsaea_odorata,Lonchitis_hirsuta,Microlepia_strigosa,Monachosorum_henryi,Pteridium_aquilinum,Calochlaena_dubia,Dicksonia_antarctica,Dipteris_conjugata,Davallia_mariesii,Elaphoglossum_hybridum,Nephrolepis_cordifolia,Onoclea_sensibilis,Rumohra_adiantiformis,Diplopterygium_glaucum,Stromatopteris_moniliformis,Cephalomanes_thysanostomum,Lygodium_japonicum,Angiopteris_evecta,Marsilea_quadrifolia,Matonia_pectinata,Metaxya_rostrata,Botrychium_strictum,Osmunda_cinnamomea,Ceratopteris_thalictroides,Plagiogyria_japonica,Loxogramme_grammitoides,Polypodium_australe,Psilotum_nudum,Acrostichum_aureum,Adiantum_raddianum,Coniogramme_japonica,Platyzoma_microphyllum,Taenitis_blechnoides,Salvinia_cucullata,Actinostachys_digitata,Thelypteris_beddomei,Vittaria_flexuosa); END; BEGIN NOTES; TEXT CHARACTER=4 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_all_and_Kubitizki_1990.___See_also_Alan''s_e-mail_05.26.94.__This_character_largely_modelled_after_Nixon_et_al._1994.'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=15 TEXT= Camus_in_Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=15 TEXT= 'Johnson_1986,_p._10'; TEXT CHARACTER=16 TEXT= vouchers; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'not_seen_in_D._punctilobula,_but_well_documented_in_many_other_Dennstaedtia_spp.__Kubitzki_1990;_ARS_pers._obs.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._169'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'D._Palmer_(pers._comm.)'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p.168'; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'ARS_12/13/94_e-mail_to_KMP:__In_Elaphoglossum,_the_ventilation_bands_are_not_visible_in_the_voucher,_but_may_be_there_in_living_material_(see_Mickel_&_Atehortua_1980;_also_Lloyd_1970,_and_Kubitzki_1990).'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= fresh_material; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_1926'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= 'Kramer_1957,_p._112'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._256'; TEXT CHARACTER=50 TEXT= vouchers_checked; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Bower_1928,_p._205'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._215'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Eames_1936;_"M._speluncae"'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Kramer_1990:_±_simultaneously_maturing'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Kramer_1990; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Kramer_1990; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'gradate_maturation_in_other_sp._of_Dipteris_---_Bower_1923'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Bower,_Eames_1936;_Labouriau_1958,_p._131'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Kramer_1990; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Kramer_1990; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'sporangia_are_solitary,_but_mature_simultaneously_with_respect_to_adjacent_sporangia'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._213'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Kramer_1990; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Kramer_1990,_Qiu_et_al._1995'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Kramer_1990:_±simultaneous'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Tryon_1961,_p._95'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._256'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Troop_&_Mickel_1968; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= 'Troop_&_Mickel_1968_-_citing_Conrad_(1908)_for_this_species'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Troop_&_Mickel_1968; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Troop_&_Mickel_1968; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= 'Troop_&_Mickel_1968_-_citing_Webster_1958_for_this_sp.'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Troop_&_Mickel_1968; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_"occasional_stolons_spring_from_a_leaf_base";_Ogura_1972:_"in_Plagiogyria_pycnophylla"'; TEXT CHARACTER=22 TEXT= 'vouchers;_Troop_&_Mickel_1968'; TEXT CHARACTER=26 TEXT= vouchers; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= 'N/A.___Kaplan_1977,_p._43'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= 'Holttum_1964,_p.478'; TEXT CHARACTER=60 TEXT= Tryon_and_Lugardon__1991; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= 'Kubitzki_1990;_green_at_time_of_dispersal'; TEXT CHARACTER=62 TEXT= Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991; TEXT CHARACTER=59 TEXT= 'Bell_1979,_Sheffield_&_Bell_1987,_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991'; TEXT CHARACTER=61 TEXT= 'Kubitzki_1990,_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991'; TEXT CHARACTER=63 TEXT= 'Lloyd_1981:_Polypodium;_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991_-_see_especially_the_family_and_generic_descriptions.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=63 TEXT= see_Sphaeropteris_in_Tryon_&Lugardon_1991; TEXT CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'Lloyd_1981:_Polypodium;_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991_-_see_especially_family_and_generic_descriptions.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._109,_Fig._11:_granulate'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._531,_Figs._1&2'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._80,_Fig._1,_3:_rugulate'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_pg._290,_text:_fine_irregular_surface'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._298-99,_Figs._15_and_17.__uniformly_granulate'; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._291-293_and_Figs._1-6:_essentially_granulate_-_some_coarse_surface_deposits.__KMP_originally_scored_this_as_0.__ARS_changed_to_1_03/95,_deciding_that_the_coarse_surface_deposits_were_actually_part_of_the_perispore_sculpturing.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._175_(text):_irregularly_rugulate,_papillate'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'KMP_had_originally_scored_as_1_based_on_T&L_1991,_p._271_text;_ARS_changed_to_?_03/95'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'KMP_had_originally_scored_as_1_based_on_T&L_1991_,_p._231_Fig._1;_ARS_changed_to_0__03/95.__See_also_Figs._10-12._Prob_ok_as_0.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= see_Sphaeropteris_in_Tryon_&Lugardon_1991; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= see_Sphaeropteris_in_Tryon_&Lugardon_1991.__KMP_had_originally_scored_as_1_based_on_Cyathea_photos_in_T&L.__ARS_changed_to_0_based_on_Sphaeropteris.; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'KMP_had_originally_scored_as_1_based_on_T&L_1991,_p._123-;_ARS_changed_to_0__03/95.___See_Fig._5_-_perispore=_coalescent_granulate_material,_therefore_prob_better_as_0.'; TEXT CHARACTER=65 TEXT= '_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991_-_see_especially_the_family_and_generic_descriptions._See_also_general_introductory_comments_to_book_where_T&L_define_a_2-layered_exospore_as_a_blechnoid_exospore.'; TEXT CHARACTER=66 TEXT= '_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991_-_see_especially_the_family_and_generic_descriptions.'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'Close_relatives_P._vulgare_&_P._glycyrrhiza_are_smooth.__P._virginianum:_some_with_more_elaborate_perispore,_cf._T_&_L_131.15-17_with_131.18-19.__Also_131:21-22:_echinate_perispore.__UC_has_LM_picture_of_P._australe_spore_attached_to_specimen:_smooth'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'ARS_did_a_sporangial_mount:_interrupted_bow._See_Bierhorst_1971,_pgs._307_(top_of_2nd_column),_312_(Figs._16-15,_c,d)_and_p._313_(Figs._16-16,_a,b).'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'Eames_p._210-211,_Fig._137b.__Indusium_sealed_&_cup-shaped_(basal_attach?_each_sorus_surrounded_by_indusium,_which_originates_from_base_of__sorus).__See_also_Campbell_1893_&_Johnson_1898a,1898b,_1933_and_4/17/95_emails'; TEXT CHARACTER=52 TEXT= vouchers_seen_for_all; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=52 TEXT= 'margin_of_pouch-like_segments_is_unmodified'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=52 TEXT= 'ARS_email_4/18/95,_4:17:_indusiate:_has_reflexed_margin.__See_voucher_and_Bierhorst_(1971)_p._223_and_fig._14.6.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= '_KP_email_4/21/95:_12:39.__Too_little_tissue_to_know_what_is_going_on.__Uncertain_where_the_indusia_originates_from_-_abaxial_or_adaxial_,_therefore_?__Eames_(1936):_sporocarps_(indusia=sporocarp_wall)_on_lower_lobe_are_borne_terminally.'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= 'Eames_p._210-211:_sorus_marginal.__Fig._137b:_indusium_partly_from_abaxial_leaf_surface_and_partly_from__leaf_margin._See_papers_by_Campbell_1893_&_Johnson_1898a,1898b.,_1933.__See_also_4/17/95_emails.'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= 'KP_email_4/21/95:_12:39.__Too_little_tissue_to_know_what_is_going_on.__Uncertain_where_indusium_originates_from_-_abaxial_or_adaxial_,_therefore_?__Eames_(1936):_sporocarps_(indusia=sporocarp_wall)__terminal_upon_a_branch_of_a_segment_of_submersed_leaf'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= '_See_voucher_and_Bierhorst_(1971)_p._223_and_fig._14.6.'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'Bower_1928,_p.155,_fig._681.__T&T_1982,_p.586,_fig._4,__-_looks_like_a_laterally_attached_hood-like_indusium;_is_supposed_to_be_same_as_Matteucia.__But_see_Bower_1928,_p._153,_fig._L_-_basal?__No_-_see_Labouriau_1958,_p._131'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'ARS_email_4/21/95,_1:58'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= Eames_1936; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'ARS_email_4/18/95,_4:17pm:_indusiate:_has_reflexed_margin.__See_voucher_and_Bierhorst_(1971)_p._223_and_fig._14.6.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'distal_pore:_Bower_1928,_p.260.__Eames_1936,_P._245-246'; TEXT CHARACTER=53 TEXT= vouchers_seen_for_all; TEXT CHARACTER=54 TEXT= vouchers_seen_for_all; TEXT CHARACTER=55 TEXT= vouchers_seen_for_all; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'segment_margin_and_abaxial_cells_contribute_±_equally_to_the_formation_of_a_"cup".'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= '"cup"_is_bilobed,_"valves"_connate_@_base'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'cup_is_bilobed,_"valves"_connate_@_base'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'Bower_1928,_p.153-155,_figs._678_and_681.__T&T_1982,_p.586,_fig._4,__-_looks_like_a_laterally_attached_hood-like_indusium;_is_supposed_to_be_same_as_Matteucia_-_which_appears_extrorse.__Yes_see_Labouriau_1958,_p._131'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'ARS_email:_4/21/95,_10:15.'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._209-211,_p.214.__See_also_Gifford_and_Foster''s_figures_on_Marsilea_and_papers_by_Campbell_1893_&_Johnson_1898a,1898b,_1933'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_P._233,_fig._148.'; TEXT CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'States_scored_mainly_from_Kubitizki_(1990)_and_Ogura_(1972).__Some_clarifications_taken_from_Schmid_(1982).__White_&_Turner_1988:_Calochlaena._Qiu_et_al_1995:_Metaxya.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972:_"mexicana"_=_typical_solenostele'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._880-881:__not_protostele'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._901-902:_not_a_dictyostele,_but_a_solenostele.'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= White_&_Turner_1988; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'See_also_Schmid_1982,_p._900.'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982:_ectophloic_siphonostele.__Ogura_1972:_protostele_with_parenchymatous_pith.__Acc._to_Schmid,_p._890,_ectophloic_siphonosteles_lack_leaf_gaps,_therefore_I_scored_as_solenostele.'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'see_also_Schmid_1982,_p._881'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= Hill_&_Camus_1986; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= Qiu_et_al._1995; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._889'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'See_also_Schmid_1982,_p._900_and_Kubitizki_1990_-_solenostele_between_rhizome_and_aerial_stem.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982:_ectophloic_siphonostele.__Ogura_1972:_medullated_protostele_with_parenchymatous_pith.__Acc._to_Schmid,_p._890,_ectophloic_siphonosteles_lack_leaf_gaps,_therefore_I_scored_as_solenostele.'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._880-881:__not_protostele'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._889:_ectophloic_siphonostele.__Ogura_1972:_medullated_protostele_with_parenchymatous_pith.__Acc._to_Schmid,_p._890,_ectophloic_siphonosteles_lack_leaf_gaps,_therefore_I_scored_as_solenostele.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'See_also_Schmid_1982,_p._890'; TEXT CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'polycyclic_includes_Ogura''s_(1972)_acyclostele_term,_and_the_IIB1c_and_IIB2c_terms_in_Schmid''s_(1983)_Table_1_-_see_pp._868-873.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Kubitizki_1990,_Schmid_1982_(IIB2c)'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Kubitizki_1990,_Schmid_1982_(IIB1c)'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Kubitizki_1990,_Schmid_1982_(IIB1c)_-_see_also_p._902'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Hill_and_Camus_1986,_Schmid_1982_(IIB2c)'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Kubitizki_1990,_Schmid_1982_(IIB1c)'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972_-_p._358,_Schmid_1982_(IIB2c)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_Schmid_1982_(IIB1c)'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= '_Kubitizki_1990,_Schmid_1982_(IIB1c)'; TEXT CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'N.B._For_base->_apex_of_stipe,_NOT_the_rachis!___Used_mostly_the_following_references:__Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_Lin_&_DeVol_1977,_1978,_Keating_1968.'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Warmbrodt_&_Evert_1978'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._116_(as_Lonchitis_pubescens).__Voucher_(see_ARS_email_5/2/95).'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Nair_&_Sen_1974,_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= White_&_Turner_1988; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Keating_1968,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Keating_1968,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= _Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Keating_1968; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Keating_1968,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= _Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Lin__&_DeVol_1978; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._91'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._378'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_P._115,_Fig._114b.__Note_where_bundles_fuse=rachis,_not_stipe!'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._378'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Kubitzi_1990; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= _Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972_-_p._345_and_pp._108-109'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Lin_and_DeVol_1978._p._86; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._300-301.__Polycyclic.'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108_and_386'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._372_"Amphidesmium",_Keating_1968'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._288-289_and_p._112.__Bierhorst_1971,_fig._11-7F.'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108,_p._99'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._359;_p._109,_Fig._110:C.'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972_-_p._364-366.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'voucher_(see_ARS_email_5/2/95)'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Kubitzi_1990,_Ogura_1972_-_p._391'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'N/A.__Gifford_&_Foster:__Psilotum_nudum_has_no_leaf_trace_(it_also_has_no_stipe!)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._356'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'living_material_-_no_voucher_-_see_ARS_email_5/2/95.'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1977,_p._97'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._335,_Fig._379D'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/2/95'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/2/95'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._341_"simple";_Ogura_1972,_p._401,_fig._452'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._109'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._87;_Kubitzki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'voucher_(see_ARS_email_5/2/95)'; TEXT CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Stipe,_NOT_rachis!__Though_state_0_seems_broad,_all_are_variations_on_the_horseshoe_shape.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Warmbrodt_&_Evert_1978'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972_-_p._109,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_p.111'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'voucher;_Ogura_1972,_p._116,_fig._115:C.'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Keating_1968,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/3/95;_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Keating_1968; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= White_&_Turner_1988; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= _Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Lin_&_DeVol_1978; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._91'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._378'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= '_Ogura_1972,_p._115,_fig._114b_(note_the_bundles_fuse_together_in_rachis,_NOT_stipe!).'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= '_Ogura_1972,_p._378'; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108,_p._391'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_p._345_and_108-9.__See_ARS_email_5/2/95'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= '"T".__Kubitizki_1990,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._86'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'concentric_rings.__Ogura_1972,_p._300-301'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/2/95.__Bower_1926,_p._180;_Ogura_1972,_p._397,_figs._445,_447'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108,_p._386.__"semicircular"'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._372.__"Amphidesmium"'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._288-289,_p._112;_Bierhorst_1971,_fig._11-7F.'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._108,_p._99'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._359,_p._109_Fig._110:C'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_p._366_(top).'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'voucher;_ARS_email_5/2/95.'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._391,_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'NA_(Gifford_&_Foster:_P._nudum_has_no_leaf_trace)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._356,_fig._404'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._87,_Table_3'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._87,_Table_3'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._335,_Fig._379D'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p._87,_Table_3'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/2/95'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._401,_Bierhorst_1971,_p._341_"simple"'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Lin_&_DeVol_1978,_p.__86;_Ogura_1972,_p._329:_lines_7-8_from_bottom'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Lin_&_DeVol_1978'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/2/95'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'ARS_email_5/4/95.__Bierhorst_1960,_fig._52'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1960,_White_1963b,_Kim_et_al._1993'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1960;_1971_-_p._166'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p.302;_Bierhorst_1971,_p.363'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._147'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._186'; TEXT CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'Gifford_and_Foster_1988,_p._68'; TEXT CHARACTER=72 TEXT= 'All_homosporous_ferns_have_independent_gametophytes_(exosporic).__Heterosporous_ferns_have_gametophytes_that_are_dependent_on_the_sporophyte_(endosporic).'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'NA.__There_is_an_initial_free_nuclear_period_where_a_large_no._of_nuclei__aggregate_toward_inward-directed_end_of_embryo.__Cell_walls_form_progressively_in_upward_direction.__Not_comparable_to_horiz/vert_division_of_zygote_in_cellular_individuals.'; TEXT CHARACTER=15 TEXT= As_defined_in_text; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=62 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991;_p._271,_fig.5'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=15 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"rugulate"'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"gemmulate"'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"slightly_rugulate"'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"finely_undulate"'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"rugulate"'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"slightly_undulate"'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_"rugulate"'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991:_p._73,_Fig._4'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'KMP_had_originally_scored_as_0;_ARS_changed_to_?_03/95:__can''t_really_tell_from_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'See_Tryon_&Lugardon_1991,_Fig_32.5_"ridged_exospore"'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=60 TEXT= 'Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988.__This_score_is_for_free-sporing_microspores.__Megaspores_are_not_free-sporing.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=59 TEXT= 'spores_of_Cycadaceae_appear_to_be_more_or_less_the_same_size,_but_more_importantly,_they_are_not_of_the_same_behaviour.__Female_sporogenesis_entails_degeneration_of_three_megaspores_and_only_one_functional_megaspore_is_formed.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= 'No_green_color_reported_(Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988)'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=62 TEXT= Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=63 TEXT= 'NA;_no_perispore_in_Cycadales'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'NA;_no_perispore_in_Cycadales'; TEXT TAXON=51 TEXT= 'General_cycad_refs_used_for_scoring:__Gifford_&Foster_1988,_Bierhorst_1971,_Rothwell_&_Serbert_1994,_Kubitizki_1990,_Crane_1988,_Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988,_Jones_1993,_Stevenson_1990'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=65 TEXT= 'Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988,_p._1502-1503'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'Dehgan_&_Dehgan_1988,_p._1507'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_p._369.___Score_for_microspores_only.__Megaspores_are_not_free-sporing,_so_they_were_not_scored_(only_one_functional_megaspore_produced/megasporangium).'; TEXT CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'See_"Spore-output"_table_in_Bower_1923,_p._262-263.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Megaspores_=_1/sporangium.__Microspores=32-64/sporangium.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263;_Bierhorst_1971'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263.__Score_reported_could_be_incorrect;_the_character_appears_to_be_polymorphic_for_the_family_(see_Vandenboschia,_also_Hymenophyllaceae);_literature_reports_may_be_incorrect,_in_part.'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Microspores:_64/sporangium;_Megaspores:_1/sporangium'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= Bierhorst_1971; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= White_et._al_1977; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._262-263'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= 'Megaspores:_1/sporangium.__Microspores:_32/sporangium'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= Gifford_&_Foster_1988; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= see_KMP_files_for_drawings_and_reasoning; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'see_KMP_files_for_drawings_and_reasoning.__In_hemidimorphic_comparison,_sporangiferous_trusses_appear_to_be_initiated_ftom_the_base_of_dissected_leaf_(see_Bierhorst_1971)'; TEXT CHARACTER=2 TEXT= vouchers_looked_at_for_all; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'Bierhorst,_1971,_p._137,_beginning_about_line_9'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= both_branched_and_unbranched_hairs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=11 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=17 TEXT= 'eventually,_the_petioles_of_some_cycads_break_off_rather_cleanly,_e.g.,_Dioon,_but_Cycas_does_not_(Jones_1993,_p._124,_126);_also_pinna_of_some_genera_abscise,_e.g._Zamia,_but_not_in_Cycas.'; TEXT CHARACTER=10 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_for_all; TEXT CHARACTER=11 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_for_all; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= hairs_very_short; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990_-_papillae_-_usually_interpreted_as_4_fused_hairs_atop,_which_are_uniseriate_hairs'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= 'hairs_very_short,_appressed'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= 'see_FNA_1993_(1-2_celled_papillae)'; TEXT CHARACTER=17 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_for_all; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=17 TEXT= 'Specimens_don''t_show_it,_but_many_spp._are_clearly_articulate'; TEXT CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_when_there_was_any_doubt; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'probably_on_wet_rocks_-_related_spp.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= sometimes_epipetric; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'moist_earth_banks;_wet_rock_faces_(Burrows_1990)'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher;_"on_mossy_tree_trunk"'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'or_on_wet_rocks_-_related_spp.'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= seasonally_dry_areas; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_-_"on_rocky_bank"'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_;_or_on_wet_rocks'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_"high_up_on_tree",_but_also_know_to_occur_on_calcareous_cliffs,_therefore_not_always_epiphytic.__See_ARS_email_2/6/95_(10:21)'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_"mangrove_swamp"'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_"rupicolous"'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= 'Voucher_"on_muddy_rock";_Note:_many_spp._(but_not_all)_of_Vittaria_are_epiphytic!'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=3 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT CHARACTER=3 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_for_all; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=3 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= ARS_Fax_10_May_95; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= 'Wagner_1952.__The_leaf_of_Matonia_is_similar_to_the_pedate_leaves_of_Adiantum,_where_the_early_leaves_are_clearly_pinnate,_but_the_pinnae_of_mature_leaves_are_re-oriented_so_as_to_make_the_leaf_look_dichotomously_branched._See_also_Mickel_def''n_of_pedate'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= 'wet_mount_of_leaf_from_voucher_shows_a_main_vein_running_up_the_center_of_large,_sterile_leaf.'; TEXT CHARACTER=5 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_all_and_Kubitizki_1990.___See_also_Alan''s_e-mail_05.26.94.__This_character_largely_modelled_after_Nixon_et_al._1994.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=5 TEXT= 'Cycas_has_a_single,_unbranched_vein_per_pinna,_therefore_2_vein_orders'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=5 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=7 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_all_and_Kubitizki_1990.___See_also_Alan''s_e-mail_05.26.94.__This_character_largely_modelled_after_Nixon_et_al._1994.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= _See_general_Cycas_references.__Scored_the_same_way_by_Nixon_et_al_1994; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher.__Only_fertile_blades_have_vein_fusion_around_sori; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT CHARACTER=8 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_all_and_Kubitizki_1990.___See_also_Alan''s_e-mail_05.26.94.__This_character_largely_modelled_after_Nixon_et_al._1994.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=5 TEXT= 'Scored_as_3_because_the_pseudodichotomous_blade_(trichotomous-pedate;_Kubitzki,_1990)_is_apparently_derived_by_repeated_development_of_successive_basal_basiscopic_pinnules,_creating_a_scorpioid_cymose_blade_pattern'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'stomata_haplocheilic_(Rothwell_&_Serbet_1994,_p._473,_char._12;_ring_of_subsidiary_cells_(Bierhorst_1971,_p._408).'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_p._256_-_perigenous_stomata_in_extant_cycads,_similar_to_ophioglossoids'; TEXT CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'see_text_for_important_references.__Where_Sen_&_De_1992_had_a_predominance_of_type_shown,_I_scored_for_most_predominant_type.__If_Kondo_1962__and_Sen_&_De_conflicted_over_same_species,_I_followed_Kondo.'; TEXT CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'see_text_for_important_references._Where_Sen_&_De_1992_had_a_predominance_of_type_shown,_I_scored_for_most_predominant_type.__If_Kondo_1962__and_Sen_&_De_conflicted_over_same_species,_I_followed_Kondo.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962_(specifies_mexicana),_Payne_1979,_Kubitzki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Payne_1979,_Kubitizki_1990_(principally_polocytic)'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1991:_parameristic_infrequent;_Van_Cottem_1973'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962_(specified_occidentale),_Sen_&_De_1992,_Van_Cottem_1973'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Thurston_1969;__guess_from_Van_Cottem_1973,_p._67'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992:_rarely_parameristic'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= _Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992:_rarely_parameristic;_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Van_Cottem_1973:_"uniformity_in_Gleicheniaceae"_-_see_Dicranopteris;_Thurston_1969:_subtype_a'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Van_Cottem_1973?_White_1977?; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Van_Cottem_1973,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'NA,_Eames_1932'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Mickel_&_Votava_1971'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992:_rarely_diameristic'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992,_see_also_arguments_in_Payne_1979.'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992,_see_also_arguments_in_Payne_1979.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992.__I_let_Kondo_override_Sen_&_De,_when_Kondo_has_our_exact_species'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Payne_1979'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Pant_&_Khare_1971,_White_1977'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_see_Tryon_1961,_fig._9.'; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992.__I_let_Kondo_override_Sen_&_De'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992:_rarely_parameristic'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962_(specifies_mexicana),_Payne_1979,_Kubitzki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Payne_1979,_Kubitizki_1990_(principally_polocytic)'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Van_Cottem_1973,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992,_Van_Cottem_1973'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Thurston_1969;_guess_from_Van_Cottem_1973,_p._67'; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= '_Sen_&_De_1992:_rarely_mesogenous'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=18 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=22 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_Van_Cottem_1973,_Thurston_1969:_subtype_a'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Van_Cottem_1973,_White_1977'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Van_Cottem_1973,_Kondo_1962'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'NA,_Eames_1932'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Mickel_&_Votava_1971'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Sen_&_De_1992,_Payne_1979'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992,_see_Payne_1979_for_arguments'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992,_see_Payne_1979_for_arguments'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Payne_1979'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Pant_&_Khare_1971,_White_1977'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=40 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=43 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Sen_&_De_1992:_"rarely_mesogenous"'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Kondo_1962; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= Sen_&_De_1992; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Kondo_1962,_Sen_&_De_1992'; TEXT CHARACTER=1 TEXT= Gifford_&_Foster_1988; TEXT CHARACTER=6 TEXT= 'Vouchers_for_all.__Cf._char_28:_Nixon_et_al._(1994)'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= 'ARS_Fax_10/5/95'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= Not_primary_axis; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= T&T_1982; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= 'T&T_82,_Kubitzki_90,_Smith_95'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= T&T_82; TEXT CHARACTER=9 TEXT= vouchers; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=9 TEXT= Gen._refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=18 TEXT= Gen._refs; TEXT CHARACTER=18 TEXT= vouchers; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=19 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=19 TEXT= vouchers_and_Kubitizki_1990_checked; TEXT CHARACTER=20 TEXT= Vouchers_checked; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=20 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=19 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'vouchers;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'NA_-_not_more_than_once-pinnate'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'weakly_anadromous,_nearly_isodromous'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= weakly_catadromous; TEXT TAXON=9 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= indistinctly_catadromous; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990_says_"catadromous"'; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'scored_from_venation_on_voucher_(even_though_not_more_than_once_pinnate)'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'scored_from_venation_on_voucher__(even_though_not_more_than_once_pinnate)'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'NA_-_dichotomous'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_but_looks_catadromous_or_isodromous.__Hard_to_find_herbarium_specimen_with_basal_pinnae,_therefore_we_followed_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'often_2_states_on_same_frond!__Kubitizki_1990:_"variously_anadromous,_isodromous,_catadromous"'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'NA_-_dichotomous_primary_venation'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= 'NA_-_dichotomous_primary_venation'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=30 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=30 TEXT= 'vouchers;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=30 TEXT= FNA; TEXT CHARACTER=31 TEXT= 'vouchers;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=31 TEXT= FNA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=31 TEXT= No_evidence_for_from_gen._refs.; TEXT CHARACTER=32 TEXT= 'vouchers;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=11 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=12 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=16 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'A_zero_score_indicates_no_mention_of_the_presence_of_canals_in_the_literature,_rather_than_a_positive_statement_that_they_do_not_occur_in_a_particular_taxon'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_"has_mucilage"_-_prob_due_to_cyanobacteria_colonies_and_not_actial_canals.'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972;_Mickel_1974,_p._476.__Cut_stems/petioles_of_Cyatheaceae_sometimes_exude_mucilage,_but_mucliage_canals_not_well-documented'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'White_and_Turner_1988:_mucilage_canals_in_petioles'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_mucilage_ducts'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'Tryon_&_Tryon_1982:_has_mucilage_secreting_trichomes'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=38 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_White_1961,_1963.'; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=38 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988:_in_rhizome,_petiole,_root'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=38 TEXT= 'White_1961,_1963:_roots_only'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=38 TEXT= Gen_cycad_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=29 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Gifford_and_Foster_1988'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=29 TEXT= 'Most_gen_refs.__Unifacial_-_produces_secondary_xylem_centripetally_only.__See_also_G.W._Rothwell_&_E.E._Karrfalt.__1996.__Origin_and_ontogeny_of_tissues_in_the_ophioglossaceous_fern_Botrychium.__AJB_86_(6:Abstracts):48.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=29 TEXT= Gen_cycad_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=39 TEXT= Fabbri_&_Menicanti_1970.__Data_unavailable_for_most_taxa.; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=39 TEXT= Unknown; TEXT CHARACTER=40 TEXT= Payne_and_Peterson_1973.__Information_available_only_for_a_few_taxa; TEXT TAXON=14 CHARACTER=40 TEXT= 'Payne_and_Peterson_1973_reported_hypodermis_present_in_aquilinum_and_absent_in_latiusculum_(=aquilinum).__Therefore_it_is_prob._a_polymorphic_character_in_the_species'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=40 TEXT= uncertain; TEXT CHARACTER=21 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._92'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=21 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._288:_"no_mechanical_tissue_[in_petiole]"'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= 'Bower_1923,_p._68-69'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Gen_refs;_Schmid_1982,_Beck_et_al_1982.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=21 TEXT= 'No_mention_of_sclerenchyma_in_cycads_in_Stevensen,_G&F,_Bierhorst,_etc.__This_is_somewhat_surprising_and_perhaps_there_is_sclerenchyma,_so_leave_as_a_?_for_now.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1960,_White_1963b,_Kim_et_al._1993'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Vouchers; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=34 TEXT= vouchers; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= Could_find_no_information_for_root_hairs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'up_to_8_protoxylem_points_(Bierhorst_1971,_p._377);_branch_roots_mostly_diarch'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= Smith_&_Smith_13107_UC; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'rhizoids_on_stems_(how_it_absorbs);_Bierhorst_1971,_p._200'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'Hill_and_Camus_1986:_hairs_are_multicellular_(most_ferns_have_unicellular_hairs_on_roots)'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'Johnson_1986,_p._9'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'Hill_&_Camus_1986;_Bierhorst_1971,_p._132'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'Adams_and_Tomlinson_1979_-_Amer._Fern_J._69:_42-46'; TEXT CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._296_-_all_filicalean_ferns_have_2-4_protoxylem_points'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhotst_1971,_p._262'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._296'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._200'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._262'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._353'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Johnson_1986,_p.9;_Bierhorst_1971,_p._330_(diarch)'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bierhorst_1971,_p._132:_(2-5_arch)'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971:_triarch'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'No_reference_explicitly_says_it_is_2-5_arch,_but_there_is_no_evidence_to_the_contrary.__Bierhorst_1971,_p._260_does_not_say_Schizeaceae_is_different_from_Anemia_and_Lygodium_in_this_way.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=42 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=42 TEXT= 'General_references_(G&F_1988,_Bierhorst_1971...)'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'Microsporangia_more_or_less_acrostichoid_in_Cycas_circinalis_(Bierhorst_1971,_p._379,_fig._20-7A);_in_some_other_cycads,_microsporangia_are_sometimes_in_discrete_sori'; TEXT CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'Vouchers;_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Kubitizki_1990,_Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936,_Hill_&_Camus_1986'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'In_juvenile_megasporocarps_micro-_and_megasporangia_begin_to_grow,_but_eventually_the_microsporangia_die_leaving_a_single_functional_megasporangium.__Hence,_the_megasporangia_do_not_form_sori,_but_the_microsporangia_do.'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= sporangia_uniformly_distributed_over_lower_surface; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'Hill_&_Camus_1986,_Bierhorst_1971:_sporangia_are_free_(not_fused)_but_clustered_in_sori'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'Eames_1936:_microsporangia_clustered_together_in_a_sorus.__Same_for_megasporangia.'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'ARS_email_1/10/95'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= Tryon_&_Tryon_1982; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= sporangia_spread_uniformly_on_undersurface_of_lamina; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= 'microsporangia_and_megasporangia_are_in_different_sori,_but_both_are_clustered_in_sori'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= sporangia_are_solitary_on_sporangiophores; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=48 TEXT= 'Vouchers;_Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936,_Hill_&_Camus_1986,_Kubitizki_1990,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982.__Round_sori_=_roughly_as_long_as_wide;_elongate_sori_=_longer_than_wide_-_discrete_or_confluent_sori.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= 'ARS_email_1/10/95'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._277'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=52 TEXT= General_references; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=41 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=44 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=20 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'sub-lateral:_see_ARS_email_4/21/95_@_10:34'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= 'ARS_email_4/24/95_@_8:42am'; TEXT CHARACTER=56 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Bower_1923,_Tryon_and_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=56 TEXT= 'cells_of_sporangium_wall_collectively_called_an_"annulus"_by_Jeffrey_(1971),_but_do_not_function_as_such_(Bierhorst_1971,_p._380)'; TEXT CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1923,_1926,_1928,_Tryon_and_Tryon_1982,_Qiu_et_al_1995'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._314'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= T&T_1982; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1923,_p._254'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1926,_p._300'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._271.__N.B._for_Dennstaedtiaceae:__T&T_1982_say_"vertical_to_slightly_oblique,_at_least_the_indurated_portion_interrupted_by_the_stalk".__Bower_:_"these_sporangia_show_only_faint_traces_of_obliquity_of_the_annulus_-_it_is_almost_vertical"'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_"slightly_oblique"'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._205'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1926,_p._224'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Qiu_et_al._1995,_T&T_1982,_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= Bower; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Bower_1928,_p._71'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_"slightly_oblique";_Bower_1926,_p._276-281'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990,_Bower_1923,_1926,_1928,_Tryon_and_Tryon_1982,_Qiu_et_al_1995'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._314'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= '_Bower_1923,_p._254'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._300'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._271._(For_all_dennstaedtioids)'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._205'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._205'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._224;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Qiu_et_al_1995,_Kubitizki_1990,_T&T_1982'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1928,_p._71'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= 'Bower_1926,_p._276'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=43 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_most;_Bierhorst_1971,_Bower_1923,_1926,_1928,_Kubitiaki_1990,_Qiu_et_al_1995,_T&T_1982.__See_also_ARS_e-mail_1/11/95_(10:02am)'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._346_(c),_Campbell_1918,_p._392'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_Gupta_1962,_Johnson_1986:_ridge,_Bierhorst_1971,_p._332,_Fig._A'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= 'branched:_Eames,_p._232;_Bierhorst_1971,_p._344-5;_Campbell_1918,_p._379'; TEXT CHARACTER=44 TEXT= 'Vouchers_checked_for_most;_Bierhorst_1971,_Campbell_1918,_Eames_1936,_Gupta_1962,_Kubitizki_1990,_Marschall_1925'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= 'microsporangia_=_1;_megasporangia_=_0:_Bierhorst_1971,_p._344,_2nd_column_-_"eventually_microsporangial_initials_appear_on_the_stalk_below"_-_indicating_that_the_megasporangium_has_a_stalk.__Fig._18-5D_-_short_stalk;_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= 'microsporangium_=_1;_megasporangium_=_0;_Gupta_1962,_p._66_"short_stalk"_and_p._55;_Bierhorst_1971,_p._334_&_336;_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= yet_another_character_differentiating_this_taxon_from_Osmunda!; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= 'microsporangia_=_1:_Bierhorst_1971,_p._344_"stalks_of_microsporangia_are_longer,_thinner".__megasporangia_=_0:_Bierhorst_1971,_p._344,_1st_column:_"short_stalked_megasporangia";_Eames_1936,_p._233'; TEXT CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Vouchers;_Bierhorst_1968,_1971,_Campbell_1918,_Gupta_1962,_Eames_1936,_Kubitizki_1990,_Marschall_1925'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'both_microsporangia_and_megasporangia;_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_4-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_4-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_score=2_for_all_dennstaedtioids'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_dicksonioids_to_6-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_4-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'NA,_since_sporangia_are_sessile'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= Bierhorst_1968; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'NA,_sporangia_nearly_sessile'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'microsporangia_and_megasporangia_=_2;_Bierhorst_1971,_Gupta_1962,_p._55'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= Kubitzki_1990; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_4-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'NA,_sporangia_are_sessile_-_there_is_no_stalk'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_ca._6-seriate'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_polypodioids=2'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Kubitizki_1990:_pterids=2'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._344;_Eames_1936,_p._234-235,_fig._149_&_151'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'See_text_for_explanation_of_scores_restricted_to_taxa_with_bladed_fertile_fronds/segments_only_and_for_references.'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_segments_without_leaf_blade'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_lobe_modified_to_have_no_leaf_blade;_sporangium_essentially_terminal_on_modified_submerged_lobe'; TEXT TAXON=21 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'Although_Onoclea_fertile_blade_segments_are_very_reduced_(see_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_p._588),_the_sori_are_clearly_arranged_on_the_dorsal_surface.'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'We_consider_the_sporocarp_wall_of_Marsileaceae_taxa_to_be_homologous_to_a_leaf_blade,_and_sori_borne_marginally_on_this_blade_(see_Eames_1936,_p._211_and_Gupta_1962)'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_segments_without_leaf_blade'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_segments_without_leaf_blade'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_in_axil_of_leaf:_terminal_on_axil?__Complex_situation_(see_Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936,_Ogura_1972,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Wagner_1977)'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= Kubitizki_1990; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_segments_without_leaf_blades'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA,_fertile_segments_without_leaf_blades'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'Microsporangia_are_arranged_on_dorsal_surface_of_microsporophyll.__Megasporangia_are_arranged_along_the_sporophyll_margin_(0),_but_I_scored_here_only_for_free-sporing_sporangial_tissues.__Only_microspores_are_free-sporing_in_Cycas.'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=68 TEXT= 'Predominantly_sensu_Nayar_and_Kaur_1971_plus_some_primary_literature,_Bierhorst_1971,_Bower_1923,_1926,_1928,_Eames_1936,_Kubitizki_1990,__Tryon_and_Tryon_1982.'; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=68 TEXT= Nair_and_Sen_1974; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=68 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=69 TEXT= Followed_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971_primarily.__See_text_for_other_gen_refs_that_were_checked; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=69 TEXT= 'Both_naked_and_hairy_gametophytes_occur_in_this_genus.__Nayar_and_Kaur_mention_which_sub-groups_of_Asplenium_have_hairy_or_naked_gametophytes,_but_we_did_not_verify_subgroup_of_this_sp.__It_is_probably_hairy.'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=69 TEXT= 'naked_and_hairy_gametophytes_occur_in_this_genus.__ARS_email_9:21_1/6/95_(prob._hairy)'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=69 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=70 TEXT= See_text_for_gametophyte_refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=70 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=70 TEXT= Eames_1936; TEXT CHARACTER=71 TEXT= 'Primary_refs:_Boullard_1957,_1979,_Campbell_1908,_Holloway_1930,_Bierhorst_1971,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= 'Boullard_1979;_also_checked_Holloway_1930_-_unclear,_Hymenophylls_may_be_susceptible_to_fungal_infection'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= Campbell_1908; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= 'Uncertain_-_Mahabale_1948;_Boullard_1957'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971;_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= Boullard_refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=72 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=72 TEXT= Duckett_&_Pang_1985; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'NA_-_there_are_no_anterhidia_in_Cycadaceae'; TEXT CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936,_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971.__See_text_for_comments_on_heterosporous_ferns'; TEXT CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936,_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971.___See_text_for_comments_on_heterosporous_ferns'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._237:_"Archegonia_deeply_sunken".__Salvinia''s_female_gametophyte_undergoes_considerably_more_vegetative_growth_than_other_heterosporous_ferns,_though_this_is_much_less_than_homosporous_ferns'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Ambiguous;_see_character_description'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Eames,_p._254,_fig._166A:_cellular_gametophyte_-_archegonia_appear_deeply_embedded'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Ambiguous;_see_character_description'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Ambiguous;_see_character_description'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Ambiguous;_see_character_description'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT CHARACTER=75 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Campbell_1892,_Eames_1936,_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971,_Stokey_&_Atkinson_1956,_M.D._Turner_(pers._comm._-_Metaxya).'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '(3-rarely_5),_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"few"'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"5",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"_for_all_dennstaedtioids'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"5+"_for_all_dicksonioids,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"6-10"_for_gleichenioids,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"5+"_for_all_hymenophylls,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3-rarely_5"'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= Campbell_1892; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"5+",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"8-25_cells",_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous/variable"_,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"numerous",_Gifford_&_Foster_1988'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"_for_all_pteroids'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= Eames_1936; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3-rarely_5"'; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= '"3"'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= 'NA_-_There_are_no_antheridia_in_Cycadaceae'; TEXT CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Bower_1926,_Eames_1936,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971_(p._321),_Stokey_&_Atkinson_1956,_M.D._Turner_(pers._comm.)'; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=2 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '3-4,_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=4 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8_(7-12)'; TEXT TAXON=6 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8'; TEXT TAXON=7 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5_for_all_dennstaedtioids'; TEXT TAXON=15 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8+_for_all_dicksonioids'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8'; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '8-10_for_all_gleichenioids'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 4?_7?_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '2-3-4,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971,_Eames_1936,_Bierhorst_1971'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 2; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '7-12'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8_(Mel_Turner,_pers._comm.)'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '7-8,_Bower,_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6,_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=34 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=35 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '6-8,_Stokey_&_Atkinson_1956'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 3; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '3-5'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-6'; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5_for_all_pteroids'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '3-4'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 3; TEXT TAXON=47 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= '4-5'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 'Apparently,_only_1_cell_high_in_Dioon'; TEXT CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'Farrar_1967,_1974,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=25 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'Farrar_1967:_present_for_Grammitis_nimbata,_a_close_relative'; TEXT TAXON=26 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'Farrar_1974,_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971'; TEXT TAXON=36 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'present_in_L._involuta_and_L._lanceolata:_Nayar_&_Kaur_1971,_p._364,_365.__Quite_possibly_in_this_sp.'; TEXT TAXON=48 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= Farrar_1974; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'gametophytes_are_not_free-living'; TEXT CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Nayar_&_Kaur_1968,_1971.__See_text_for_other_refs'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= See_figs._in_Eames_1936; TEXT TAXON=13 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= see_figs._in_Nair_&_Sen_1974; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'early_stages_not_known_-_becoming_spherical_mass_later_on'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Prob_polar,_see_Campbell_1892_and_Eames_1936'; TEXT TAXON=31 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= Early_stages_not_known; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= Nayar_&_Kaur_1971_say_Botrychium_is_polar_and_then_say_that_early_stages_are_not_known.__Confusing?; TEXT TAXON=37 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Nayar_&_Kaur_1968,_1971'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._187;_Darnell-Smith_1917,_fig._6;_Whittier_1975:__Looks_polar,_first_wall_parallel_to_equatorial_plane.'; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Tryon_1964,_Duckett_&_Pang_1984'; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'free-nuclear_division_of_megaspore;_uncertain_about_megaspores'; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT CHARACTER=51 TEXT= Vouchers_checked_for_all; TEXT TAXON=1 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=5 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=3 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Microsporangia_form_sori.__Megasporangia_do_not_form_sori_-_one_megasporangium/megasporocarp'; TEXT TAXON=8 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= '5_sporangia/sorus_-_voucher'; TEXT TAXON=10 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Some_Lindsaea_spp._have_more_that_12_sporangia/sorus.__Voucher_has_sori_broken_up_-_can''t_tell.'; TEXT TAXON=17 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= Herbarium_specimens; TEXT TAXON=19 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=23 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Voucher;_Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Voucher_has_15-20_sporangia/sorus.__Kubitizki_1990'; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=28 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= Voucher; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Johnson_1986,_p._35_species_description_for_quadrifolia:_12_microsporangia/sorus;_3-7_sporangia/sorus'; TEXT TAXON=30 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Bower_1926:_6-9_sporangia/sorus'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=33 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= voucher; TEXT TAXON=39 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=42 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Voucher:_hardly_room_for_12!__Tryon_1961,_p._95:__"sporangia_in_several_stages_of_development_are_found_along_a_single_vein_and_up_to_13_have_been_observed_on_a_single_pinna"'; TEXT TAXON=45 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._234_(top)'; TEXT TAXON=46 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=51 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._186;__Farrar_&_Johnson-Groh_1990,_p._1168'; TEXT TAXON=32 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= 'there_are_"gemmae"_(brood_bodies)_borne_on_underground_stems;_no_gemmae_on_gametophytes'; TEXT TAXON=50 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Boullard_1979,_Brown_1976,_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_FNA_1992,_Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1972,_Schmid_1982,_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1990,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Brown_1976,_Duckett_1973,_Hauke_1957,_1979,_Johnson_1937,_Scagel_1984'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'NA;_following_arguments_of_Bierhorst_1971_&_Ogura_1972_-_no-one_takes_stand_on_whether_the_sporangiophore_is_leaf_or_stem.__There_are_no_"fertile_leaves".__Sporangiophores_likely_of_stem_origin_with_sporangia_attached_directly_to_stems.'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=3 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=5 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=9 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_pgs._124,_125,_248;_Scagel_et_al._1984,_p._441;_Johnson_1937'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=11 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Parallel_to_preceding_wall:_see_Ogura_1972,_p._242,_Fig._269,_esp._269-4,_269-5.__See_also_email_to_ARS_June_1_1995.__See_also_Hauke_1957,_p._178'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'See_Hauke_1957,_p._178,_and_esp._Fig._2:__"Strasburger_pointed_out_that_the_2_outer_cells_were_subsidiary_cells";_Ogura_1972,_p._242,_Fig._269,_esp._Fig._269-4_and_269-5.__Mesogenous_origin_is_very_clear_for_subsidiary_cells.__See_email_to_ARS_6/1/95'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=15 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=17 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=18 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=19 TEXT= 'NA_(leaves_are_sessile)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=20 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=21 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._242_"colorless_sclerenchyma";_Brown_1976:_"collenchyme_annulaire"_-_did_tests_showing_E._arvense_did_not_have_sclerenchyma,_but_collenchyma'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= 'NA_(no_stipe)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= 'NA_(no_stipe)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'see_Bierhorst_1971,_p._85_and_Fig._27-8_(f-k)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= 'Schmid_1982,_p._905'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=29 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=30 TEXT= 'herbarium_specimens;_Hauke_1979:_p._391;_Ogura_1972,_p._240;_Scagel_et_al._1984,_p._441'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=31 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= herbarium_specimens; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_p._187_"triarch_or_tetrarch".__Ogura_1972,_p._247,_249.'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=38 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._87'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=39 TEXT= not_mentionned_in_Fabbri_&_Menicanti_1970; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=40 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._129:_"hypodermis_is_present_only_on_abaxial_side_of_leaf"'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_p._68,_Fig._6-1'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=42 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= 'NA_(since_the_sporangiophores_have_no_blades)'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=52 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=56 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=59 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=60 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._586:_"circular_aperture_with_large_subapertural_opturator_in_Equisetum_is_unique_in_pteridophytes"'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=62 TEXT= T&L_1991; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=63 TEXT= 'see_T&L_1991,_p._587,_Fig._11,_to_see_how_thin_perispore_is_relative_to_exospore'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= 'abundant_spherules_seem_to_be_part_of_the_epispore_morphology_-_see_T&L_1991'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=65 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._586'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= 'T&L_1991,_p._587,__Figs._8_&_12:_exospore_looks_smooth'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._94_shows_that_the_spore_sheds_its_outer_coat_before_dividing.__Therefore_it_is_impossible_to_determine_the_orientation_of_the_first_division_with_reference_to_the_aperture_since_it_is_no_longer_there_for_reference.'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=68 TEXT= 'Duckett_1973:__looks_elongate-thalloid/branched_-_eventually_forming_a_pin-cushion_shape,_i.e._there_is_ultimately_more_dimensionality_here_than_in_other_ribbon-like_gametophytes.__T&T_1982_say_"thallose_strap-shaped,_branched".'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=69 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=70 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= Boullard_1979; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=72 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Duckett_1973,_Hauke_1979,_p._392'; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= Duckett_1973; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=50 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_Bruce_1979,_Eames_1936,_FNA_1992,_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_Kubitizki_1990,_Ogura_1072,_Ollgaard_1987,_Pixley_1968,_Rolleri_1972,_Tryon_&_Lugardon_1991,_Tryon_&_Tryon_1982,_Wagner_&_Beitel_1992,_Whittier_1981'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=1 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988:_"the_sporophylls_may_be_aggregated_into_definite_strobili_and_may_be_quite_different_from_vegetative_leaves"_and_they_refer_to_a_photo_of_L._digitatum;_herbarium_specimens'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=3 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=4 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=5 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=6 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=7 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=8 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=9 TEXT= 'no_mention_of_in_Ogura_1972,_p._124'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=10 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=11 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=12 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._122:_compares_Lycopodium_with_Marattiaceae,_Osmundaceae,_and_Ophioglossaceae.__See_also_Rolleri_1972:_good_drawings_of_L._thyoides_(p._270)_a_closely_related_sp.,_that_shows_the_perigenous_pattern.'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=13 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._122;_Rolleri_1972'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=14 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=15 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=16 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=17 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=18 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=19 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=20 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=21 TEXT= Ogura_1972; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=22 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=23 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=24 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=25 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._9'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=26 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=27 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=28 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=29 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=30 TEXT= herbarium_specimens; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=31 TEXT= herbarium_specimens; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=32 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=34 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._135;_herbarium_specimens'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=35 TEXT= 'See_original_notes_&__emails_on_the_topic_-_6/6-9/95.__Pixley_1968,_p._160:_"ontogeny_in_Ly._roots_with_crescentic_xylem_in_tr-sec__seen_to_involve_3_or_more_protoxylem_groups".__See_also_Bierhorst_1971,_p._12;_Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_p._114.__See_text'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=36 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=37 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._129_(leaves),_p._203_(stem),_p._211,_last_line_of_leaf_section.__Wagner_&_Beitel_1992,_p._680:_scored_mucilage_canals_present_for_Diphasiastrum'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=38 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=39 TEXT= no_mention_of_in_Fabbri_&_Menicanti_1970; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=40 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._9_refers_to_hypodermis_in_stem.__Ogura_1972_does_not_mention_a_hypodermis_for_Lycopodium_leaves,_and_our_scores_are_for_leaves_only.'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=41 TEXT= Gifford_&_Foster_1988; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=42 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=43 TEXT= 'Gifford_&_Foster_1988,_Fig._9-10B'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=44 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=45 TEXT= 'photos_in_Gifford_&_Foster_1988;_also_figs._in_Bierhorst_1971_-_looks_like_many_more_than_10_cells_wide.__From_herbarium_specimens,_it_appears_sporangia_have_short_stalk_or_pad_that_is_many_cells_wide'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=46 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=47 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=48 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=49 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=50 TEXT= 'NA;_see_definition_in_text_-_since_there_is_only_one_sporangium_per_leaf,_then_NA.'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=51 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=52 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=53 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=54 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=55 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=56 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=57 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=58 TEXT= NA; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=59 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=60 TEXT= T&L_1991; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=61 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=62 TEXT= 'although_T&L_1991_talk_about_a_"flange-like_structure_near_the_equator"_in_Lycopodium_(p._596),_in_Wagner_&_Beitel_1992,_p._681,_equatorial_ridge_is_scored_as_absent_for_Diphasiastrum'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=63 TEXT= T&L_1991; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=64 TEXT= T&L_1991; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=65 TEXT= 'See_original_notes_for_reasoning.__T&L_1991,_p._6_&_p._590:_main_layer_formed_by_lamellae_...as_spores_mature,__lamellae__scarcely_apparent_&_form_compact_layer._...characteristic_diffuse_inner_layer...provides_useful_recognition_feature_of_Ly._spores.'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=66 TEXT= T&L_1991; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=67 TEXT= 'Eames_1936,_p._13,_Fig._11.__Looks_like_equatorial_germination:_first_cell_wall_parallel_to_polar_axis_of_spore'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=68 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=69 TEXT= 'Whittier_1981:_no_evidence_of_hairs;_Bruce_1979:_"no_paraphyses_around_sex_organs";_no_indication_of_hairs'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=70 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=71 TEXT= Whittier_1981; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=72 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=73 TEXT= 'Whittier_1981:_"embedded";_Gifford_&_Foster_1988_drawings'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=74 TEXT= 'Whittier_1981:_"necks_extend_well_above_the_gametophyte_surfaces";_Bruce_1979,_figs._36,_41:_shows_them_well_protruding;_figs._in_Gifford_&_Foster_also'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=75 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=76 TEXT= 'G&F_1988:_arch_with_6_or_more_neck_canal_cells;_from_figs._arch_neck_cell_tiers_seem_fewer_than_6.__Eames_1936,_fig._14_and_his_text:_4-6_cells_high.__However,_see_Bruce_1979,_figs._32,_36,_37,_and_41_esp.__Necks_look_at_least_7-10_cells_long.'; TEXT TAXON=49 CHARACTER=77 TEXT= Gen_refs; TEXT TAXON=27 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'FNA:_fertile_pinnae_borne_toward_apex_of_fertile_leaves'; TEXT TAXON=29 CHARACTER=2 TEXT= 'Wagner_&_Wagner_1977,_p._254'; TEXT TAXON=38 CHARACTER=30 TEXT= 'Ogura_1972,_p._16'; TEXT TAXON=24 CHARACTER=33 TEXT= 'Bierhorst_1971,_p._196:_"limited_number_of_true_roots"'; END; BEGIN MACCLADE; Version 3.05; LastModified -1350143145; Singles 1000&/0; END; ’