ANGIOSPERMS - MAGNOLIID DICOTS

Nymphaea odorata (Nymphaeaceae) - Priority 2

Nymphaea: Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeales).

Cabomba caroliniana (Cabombaceae) - Priority 1

Cabomba: (2) Cabombaceae; (1) Nymphaeales (Cabombaceae plus Nymphaeaceae), one of three main "magnoliid paleoherb" groups, and a possible basal line in angiosperms. Cabomba was chosen for the priority 1 list because its flowers are less apomorphic.

Amborella trichopoda (Amborellaceae) - Priority 1

Amborella = Amborellaceae: possible basal line in angiosperms, or else a low branch in Laurales.

Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae) - Priority 3

Schisandra: Schisandraceae (Illiciales).

Schisandra chinesis (Schisandraceae) - Priority 2

As for S. sphenathera.

Illicium floridanum (Illiciaceae) - Priority 3

As for I. parviflorum.

Illicium parviflorum (Illiciaceae) - Priority1

Illicium floridanum, I. parviflorum: (2) Illiciaceae; (1) Illiciales (Illiciaceae plus Schisandraceae), a possible basal line in angiosperms. Illicium was chosen over Schisandra for the priority 1 list because its flowers are more plesiomorphic.

Austrobaileya scandens (Austrobaileyaceae) - Priority 2

Austrobaileya = Austrobaileyaceae: possible basal line in angiosperms, or potentially basal in Laurales.

Chloranthus japonicus (Chloranthaceae) - Priority 3

Chloranthus oldhami, C. japonicus : (2) part of Chloranthaceae; (1) Chloranthaceae, a possible basal line in angiosperms. The three genera Chloranthus, Ascarina, and Hedyosmum are desirable to span the basal node in Chloranthaceae, since they all appear to be monophyletic but it is unclear which is basal. Chloranthus was chosen to represent the family in the priority 1 list because it has bisexual flowers, although its pollen is apomorphic.

Chloranthus oldhami (Chloranthaceae) - Priority 1

As for C. japonicus

Ascarina sp. (Chloranthaceae) - Priority 2

Ascarina: part of Chloranthaceae.

Hedyosmum arborescens (Chloranthaceae) - Priority 2

Hedyosmum: part of Chloranthaceae.

Canella winterana (Canellaceae) - Priority 2

Canella: Canellaceae, probably the sister group of Winteraceae, and thus included in the priority 2 list to break up the line to Winteraceae.

Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) - Priority 1

Drimys: (2) Winteraceae other than Tasmannia; (1) Winteraceae plus probably Canellaceae, one of the main lines of "woody magnoliids."

Tasmannia lanceolata (Winteraceae) - Priority 2

Tasmannia: probable basal line in Winteraceae.

Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae) - Priority 1

Liriodendron: (2) probable basal line in Magnoliaceae; (1) Magnoliales other than Eupomatia, one of the main lines of "woody magnoliids."

Magnolia stellata (Magnoliaceae) - Priority 2

Magnolia: Magnoliaceae other than Liriodendron.

Degeneria vitiensis (Degeneriaceae) - Priority 2

Degeneria = Degeneriaceae: one of several lines with uncertain interrelationships in Magnoliales.

Galbulimima belgraveana (Himantandraceae) - Priority 2

Galbulimima = Himantandraceae: one of several lines with uncertain interrelationships in Magnoliales.

Eupomatia bennettii (Eupomatiaceae) - Priority 1

Eupomatia bennettii, E. laurina = Eupomatiaceae: probably an additional line in Magnoliales, but included in the priority 1 list because of suggestions that it is related to Calycanthaceae rather than Magnoliales.

Eupomatia laurina (Eupomaticeae) - Priority 3

As for E. bennettii.

Annona muricata (Annonaceae) - Priority 2

Annona: Annonaceae other than Anaxagorea.

Anaxagorea dolichocarpa (Annonaceae) - Priority 2

Anaxagorea: probable basal line in Annonaceae, one of several lines with uncertain interrelationships in Magnoliales.

Knema (Myristicaceae) - Priority 2

Knema: Myristicaceae other than Mauloutchia.

Myristica sp (Myristicaceae) - Priority 3

As for Knema.

Mauloutchia chapelieri: (Myristicaceae) - Priority 2

Mauloutchia: possible basal line in Myristicaceae, one of several lines with uncertain interrelationships in Magnoliales. Mauloutchia and Brochoneura (sometimes lumped as Brochoneura) are most plesiomorphic in floral morphology and thus potentially basal.

Brochoneura sp. (Myristicaceae) - Priority 3

As for Mauloutchia chapelieri.

Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) - Priority 1

Cinnamomum: (2) Lauraceae, plus probably Hernandiaceae and Gomortegaceae; (1) Laurales other than Calycanthaceae and Chloranthaceae (Monimiaceae sensu lato, Hernandiaceae, Gomortegaceae, Lauraceae). Laurales are one of the main lines of "woody magnoliids."

Hedycarya arborea (Monimiaceae) - Priority 2

Hedycarya: Monimiaceae, another member of the clade of Laurales that probably includes Monimiaceae, Hernandiaceae, Gomortegaceae, and Lauraceae.

Calycanthus floridus (Calycanthaceae) - Priority 1

Calycanthus: Calycanthaceae, possibly basal in Laurales. Also included because of suggestions that it is closer to Eupomatia than to other Laurales.

Asarum canadense (Aristolochiaceae) - Priority 2

Asarum: Aristolochiaceae other than Saruma.

Saruma henryi (Aristolochiaceae) - Priority 1

Saruma: possible basal line in Aristolochiaceae, one of three main "magnoliid paleoherb" groups, and a possible basal line in angiosperms.

Lactoris fernandeziana (Lactoridaceae) - Priority 2

Lactoris = Lactoridaceae: probably related to Aristolochiaceae, but this needs confirmation.

Saururus cernuus (Saururaceae) - Priority 1

Saururus: (2) Saururaceae; (1) Piperales (Piperaceae plus Saururaceae), one of three main "magnoliid paleoherb" groups, and a possible basal line in angiosperms. Saururus was chosen for the priority 1 list because its flowers are most plesiomorphic.

Piper betle (Piperaceae) - Priority 2

Piper: Piperaceae other than Zippelia.

Zippelia (Piperaceae) - Priority 2

Zippelia: probable basal line in Piperaceae (Piperales).

Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) - Priority 1

Ceratophyllum = Ceratophyllaceae: possible basal line in angiosperms.

Trimenia neocaledonia (Trimeniaceae) - Priority 2

Trimenia, Piptocalyx: Trimeniaceae, a possible link between Chloranthaceae and Laurales.

Trimenia neocaledonica, shares the plesiomorphic pollen morphology with Piptocalyx.

Piptocalyx (Trimeniaceae) - Priority 3

As for Trimenia neocaledonia.

ANGIOSPERMS - MONOCOTS

Zea mays (Poaceae) - Priority 2

Zea: part of Poaceae, which represent a clade including Commelinidae, palms, and probably Asparagales; i.e., all taxa above Liliales. Zea and Oryza span a fairly low node in Poaceae.

Oryza sativa (Poaceae) - Priority 2

Oryza: part of Poaceae, which represent a clade including Commelinidae, palms, and probably Asparagales

Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) - Priority 1

Acorus = Acoraceae: possible basal line in monocots; or related to Araceae, or Araceae plus Alismatidae.

Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae) - Priority 1

Sagittaria: (2) Alismatidae; (1) Alismatidae plus Araceae, a possible basal clade in monocots.

Lilium regale (Liliaceae) - Priority 2

Lilium: Liliales sensu Dahlgren et al. Lilium, Zea, and Oryza represent all monocots above the alismatid-aroid clade and "Dioscoreales." Lilium was chosen rather than a member of Asparagales because Liliales may be more basal.

Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) - Priority 1

Dioscorea: "Dioscoreales," basal or nearly so in the clade of all monocots except Alismatidae, Araceae, and Acorus; i.e., "Liliidae," palms, and Commelinidae.

Gymnostachys anceps (Araceae) - Priority 2

Gymnostachys: possible basal line in Araceae. Araceae plus Alismatidae (and Acorus?) may form a basal clade in monocots.

Spathiphyllum wallisii (Araceae) - Priority 2

Spathiphyllum: Araceae other than Gymnostachys (including Lemnaceae). Spathiphyllum is relatively plesiomorphic among these Araceae.

Tacca plantaginifolia (Taccaceae) - Priority 2

Tacca: (2) "Dioscoreales," basal or nearly so in the clade of all monocots except Alismatidae, Araceae, and Acorus; (1) all monocots except Alismatidae, Araceae, and Acorus; i.e., "Liliidae," palms, and Commelinidae.

ANGIOSPERMS - 'BASAL' EUDICOTS

Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae) - Priority 1

Cercidiphyllum: (2) Hamamelidales plus Saxifragales, a clade located in a poorly resolved position near the rosid-asterid split; (1) all "higher" eudicots; i.e., Hamamelidales plus Saxifragales, caryophyllids, rosids, and asterids.

Hydrastis sp. (Ranunculaceae s.l.) - Priority 1

Hydrastis: (2) Ranunculales; (1) part of Ranunculidae. Chosen as basal and relatively plesiomorphic in Ranunculaceae. Ranunculales are one of three ranunculid lines in the whole list, one of two in the priority 1 list. We kept two priority 1 taxa because Ranunculidae may be the sister group of all other eudicots, and these taxa may span the basal node in ranunculids.

Platanus racemosa (Platanaceae) - Priority 3

As for P. occidentalis

Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae) - Priority 1

Platanus racemosa, P. occidentalis: Platanaceae plus possibly Proteaceae, a possible basal line in the clade of eudicots other than Ranunculidae.

Pteridophyllum sp. (Papaveraceae) - Priority 1

Pteridophyllum: (2) Papaverales; (1) part of Ranunculidae. Chosen as near basal and relatively plesiomorphic in Papaverales. Papaverales are one of three ranunculid lines in the whole list, one of two in the priority 1 list.

Trochodendron sinense (Trochodendraceae) - Priority 2

Trochodendron: Trochodendrales plus probably Buxaceae, one of the main lines between the base of eudicots and the split between the "rosid" and "asterid" lines.

Nelumbo lutea (Nelumbonaceae) - Priority 2

Nelumbo = Nelumbonaceae: a possible basal line in the clade of eudicots other than Ranunculidae.

Euptelea polyandra (Eupteleaceae) - Priority 2

Euptelea = Eupteleaceae: possibly a third basal line in Ranunuculidae.

ANGIOSPERMS - 'HIGHER' EUDICOTS

Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) - Priority 2

Nicotiana: "Asteridae sensu lato," one of the two main lines of higher eudicots.

Spinacea oleracea (Chenopodiaceae) - Priority 2

Spinacia: Caryophyllidae, like Saxifragales-Hamamelidales, a clade located in a poorly resolved position near the rosid-asterid split.

Pisum sativum (Leguminosae) - Priority 2

Pisum: part of "Rosidae sensu lato," one of the two main lines of higher eudicots. Pisum and Arabidopsis represent two deeply divergent lines in "Rosidae sensu lato." The line represented by Pisum may include legumes, Rosaceae, Fagales, and Urticales.

Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) - Priority 2

Arabidopsis: part of "Rosidae sensu lato," one of the two main lines of higher eudicots. The line represented by Arabidopsis may include Capparales, Malvales, Sapindales, and Myrtales.