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Jepson eFlora
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Key to groups
Family key to Group 24
Group 24: Herbs or subshrubs; leaves simple; perianth in 2 whorls; petals 4 or more, free; stamens 2 × as many as petals or fewer; pistil 1, ovary superior
1. Flower bilateral  Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way. 2. Proximal part of calyx with a protruding, hollow spur 3. Leaf not peltate  With the stalk attached toward the middle, not at a margin, of a flat structure such as an indusium, scale, or leaf. ; ovary chambers 5, several-seeded; fruit an exploding capsule ..... BALSAMINACEAE {G16} 3' Leaf peltate With the stalk attached toward the middle, not at a margin, of a flat structure such as an indusium, scale, or leaf. ; ovary chambers 3, 1-seeded; fruit breaking into 3 1-seeded mericarps ..... TROPAEOLACEAE 2' Proximal part of calyx without a protruding spur, spur 0 or fused to pedicel  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. 4. Filaments of all or all but 1 stamen fused, at least proximally 5. Petals not strongly overlapping; ovary chambers and style branches 5; style base elongating, forming a stiff beak, beak segments coiled on segments of dry fruit ..... GERANIACEAE (Pelargonium) {G23} 5' Petals strongly overlapping; ovary chambers 1 or 2, style unbranched, not forming beak on fruit 6. Sepals all fused, at least at base, forming a cup-shaped to cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. calyx tube, generally not petal-like; the odd petal [banner] uppermost, overlapping the margins of the 2 upper lateral petals; lower 2 lateral petals generally free at base but fused toward the tip, forming a keel that encloses stamens and ovary; fruit a legume or indehiscent  Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits. pod ..... FABACEAE (Papilionoideae) 6' Sepals free, 2 of them petal-like, spreading  Oriented more or less perpendicularly to the axis of attachment; often, more or less horizontal. and very different from the other 3; the odd petal lowermost, often appendaged, folded and forming a keel enclosing stamens and ovary, a banner petal never present; fruit a flattened capsule ..... POLYGALACEAE {G15,18,22,23} 4' Filaments free (0 or fused in pairs) 7' Flowers in raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or spike  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; petals 2 or 4 8. Inflorescence a spike 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; ovary 4-lobed, stigmas 4; developing fruit open at tip; stamens 3–4 ..... RESEDACEAE (Oligomeris) 8' Inflorescence a raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or panicle  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; ovary unlobed or 2-lobed, stigma 1–2; developing fruit closed at tip 9' Sepals proximally fused to hypanthium  Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; stamens 3; each flower subtended by a bract  Reduced, leaf- or scale-like structure subtending a branch, cone scale, peduncle, pedicel, or flower. ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE (Tolmiea) 1' Flower radial  Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways. 10' Plants green and photosynthetic 12. Leaves alternate  1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. , sometimes all basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 12' Leaves opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or whorled  Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node). 14. Leaves ± cylindric Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. or 3-angled in ×-section, fleshy; flowers unisexual, dioecious perennial  Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb or subshrub; petals present only in staminate flowers ..... BATACEAE {G6,8,15} 14' Leaves not fleshy; flowers bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). , annual to subshrub; petals present in all flowers 15. Sepals free or nearly so, hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). 0 16. Petals 6–20 mm, each bearing a prominent, fringed  Having ragged or finely cut margins. appendage ..... GENTIANACEAE 16' Petals <= 6 mm, not appendaged 17. Flowers pedicelled, terminal or from distal axils, sometimes in cymes  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. ; leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). without stipules; stamens 4 or 8 ..... CARYOPHYLLACEAE (4) {G6,8,15} 17' Flowers ± sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. in leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). axils (pedicel elongating in fruit); leaf with stipules; stamens 8 ..... ELATINACEAE (Elatine californica) 15' Sepals fused, at least toward base, or hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). present 18. Leaves generally shallowly few-toothed; inflorescence a dense cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. or raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. borne on a terminal peduncle  Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae). — ovary actually 1/2 inferior but easily misinterpreted as superior ..... HYDRANGEACEAE {G21} 18' Leaves entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ; inflorescence of axillary  Pertaining to or within an axil, especially a leaf axil. or terminal cymes 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. or flowers solitary, axillary 19' Petals borne on inner face of hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; style unbranched ..... LYTHRACEAE {G22} 20' Flower bisexual Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). 23. Stamens > in number than petals 24. Leaves alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. , sometimes all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 25. Style branches and stigmas 5; style elongating, forming a beak; ovules 1 per ovary chamber; fruit breaking into 5 one-seeded mericarps, each tipped with a coiled beak segment ..... GERANIACEAE (Geranium) {G20} 25' Styles or style branches 1–3, stigmas 1–3; style not elongating or forming a beak; ovules several–many per ovary chamber; fruit a capsule 26. Stigmas 2–3, sessile Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. or borne on 2–3 styles or style branches ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE (2) {G10,20,21} 26' Stigma 1, sessile Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. or borne on an unbranched style 27. Flower disk-shaped, without a hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; stamens dehiscent  Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. by pores ..... ERICACEAE (2) {G17,18,19} 27' Flower with a tubular hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; stamens dehiscent Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. along the sides by slits ..... LYTHRACEAE (Lythrum) (2) 24' Leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or whorled Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node). 29. Flower without a hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). toothed ..... ERICACEAE (Chimaphila) 29' Flower with a tubular hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). ; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ..... LYTHRACEAE (Lythrum) (2) 30. Leaf lobed; opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. leaves a single pair, the remainder all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. ; stigmas 3 — ovary chamber 1, placentas  Structure or area to which ovules are attached in an ovary; variously shaped and positioned. parietal Pertaining to placentas on the inside surface of the ovary wall in a compound ovary with one or more chambers. — ovary actually ± 1/2 inferior ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE (Lithophragma cymbalaria) 30' Leaf entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or shallowly toothed; opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. leaves generally several–many pairs; stigmas 2–6 31. Leaf entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ; ovary chamber 1 (rarely 2–4) 32. Leaf not gland-dotted; petals white to pink, purple, or red; placentas Structure or area to which ovules are attached in an ovary; variously shaped and positioned. free-central  Pertaining to a placenta along the central axis in a compound ovary with only one chamber. (axile) ..... CARYOPHYLLACEAE (4) {G6,8,15} 32' Leaf gland-dotted; petals yellow; placentas Structure or area to which ovules are attached in an ovary; variously shaped and positioned. parietal Pertaining to placentas on the inside surface of the ovary wall in a compound ovary with one or more chambers. ..... HYPERICACEAE {G22} 31' Leaf crenate-serrate to serrate  Having margins with sharp, fine to coarse teeth generally pointing tipward, not outward; margins with such teeth on such primary teeth are doubly serrate. ; ovary chambers 5–6 33. Flowers 1–few, sessile Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. or short-pedicelled in leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). axils; annual; leaf teeth gland-tipped ..... ELATINACEAE (Bergia) 33' Flowers in a dense cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. or raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. borne on a terminal peduncle Stalk of an individual flower borne singly, not in an inflorescence, or of an entire inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit; the stalk subtending an involucre (e.g., in Asteraceae, Polygonaceae). ; perennial Completing life cycle (germination through death) in more than two years or growing seasons, generally non-woody (at least above ground) to woody; includes perennial herbs as well as subshrubs to trees; the abbreviation 'per' only refers to perennial herb, not to the word 'perennial' alone. herb to subshrub; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). teeth not gland-tipped — ovary actually 1/2 inferior but easily misinterpreted as superior ..... HYDRANGEACEAE (Whipplea) 23' Stamens = in number to petals or fewer 34. Leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or whorled Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node). 35. Leaves, or at least distal-most, toothed or lobed (proximally generally entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). in Sclerolinon) 36. Petals white to pink or purple; inflorescence an umbel  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, an inflorescence in which three to many pedicels and, if compound, branches (rays) radiate from a common point; characteristic of but not confined to Apiaceae. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, an umbel-like inflorescence is one in which three to many stalked inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, radiate from a common point of attachment without an evident axis or branches. ..... GERANIACEAE (2) 36' Petals yellow; inflorescence a cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. ..... LINACEAE (Sclerolinon) 35' Leaves entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). 37. Stamens opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. petals — petals actually fused but easily misinterpreted as free ..... MYRSINACEAE {G19} 37' Stamens alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. petals or of different numbers 38. Sepals free or nearly so 39' Base or center of each petal with 2 fringed Having ragged or finely cut margins. nectary pits (sometimes appearing as 1 due to overlapping fringes) — petals actually fused but easily misinterpreted as free ..... GENTIANACEAE (Swertia) 38' Sepals evidently fused above base 40' Style or style branches >1 41. Leaf ± linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , acute  Having a short-tapered, sharp tip, the sides convex or straight and converging at less than a right angle. ..... CARYOPHYLLACEAE (4) {G6,8,15} 41' Leaf oblong  Longer than wide, with nearly parallel sides; wider than linear. to obovate, obtuse  Having a short-tapered, blunt tip or base, the sides convex or straight and converging at more than a right angle. , margin often curled under and leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). appearing narrower ..... FRANKENIACEAE (2) 34' Leaves alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. , sometimes all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 42' Styles, style branches, or sessile Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. stigmas >= 2 43. Leaf linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. , entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). 44. Leaves cauline; flowers solitary or in racemes, panicles 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. , or cymes 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. ..... LINACEAE (2) 44' Leaves all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. ; flowers in scapose  Pertaining to a plant or an inflorescence in which a relatively long peduncle (scape) arises, sometimes with leaf- or scale-like bracts but without true foliage leaves, from a rosette or other arrangement of leaves at ground level. heads ..... PLUMBAGINACEAE (Armeria) 43' Leaf wider, often toothed or lobed 45. Leaf covered with long, gland-tipped, insect-trapping hairs ..... DROSERACEAE 45' Leaf without insect-trapping hairs 46. Styles, style branches, or stigmas 2–4 47. Flowers solitary; stamens alternating with toothed or fringed Having ragged or finely cut margins. staminodes; stigmas 4 ..... PARNASSIACEAE 47' Flowers 2–many; staminodes 0; stigmas 2–3 48. Annual; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). veins pinnate  Feather-like; pertaining to veins, lobes, leaflets, or other structures arranged in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane) along either side of an axis; a leaf is odd-pinnate if there is a terminal leaflet, even-pinnate if there is not, and either odd- or even-pinnate may be 1-pinnate (blade divided into primary leaflets), 2-pinnate (primary leaflets divided into secondary leaflets), 3-pinnate (secondary leaflets divided into tertiary leaflets), etc. or lateral veins obscure; hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). 0; ovary unlobed ..... LINACEAE (2) 48' Perennial herb; leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). veins ± palmate  More than two structures or parts (e.g., veins, lobes, or leaflets) radiating from a common point in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane). ; hypanthium Structure generally in the shape of a tube, cup, or bowl, derived from the fused lower portions of the perianth and stamens, from which these parts seem to arise, and to which the ovary wall is fused in an inferior ovary (to which the ovary wall is partially fused in a half-inferior ovary; from which the ovary is free in a superior ovary). present; ovary generally 2–3-lobed distally ..... SAXIFRAGACEAE (2) {G10,20,21} 46' Styles or style branches 5 or more 49' Filaments free or fused only at base; petals wider 50. Style elongating, forming a beak; fruit breaking into 5 one-seeded mericarps, each tipped with a coiled beak segment; flowers in umbels ..... GERANIACEAE (2) 50' Styles not elongating and forming a beak; fruit not breaking into mericarps; flowers in a raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. , cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. , or panicle-like inflorescence 51. Sepals free, ± green; fruit a capsule, 5- or 10-seeded; flowers in a raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. ..... LINACEAE (Linum) 51' Sepals fused, generally pink to blue; fruit indehiscent Not opening inherently to release contents; usually pertaining to fruits. , 1-seeded; flowers in a panicle-like inflorescence ..... PLUMBAGINACEAE (Limonium) |
