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Jepson eFlora
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Key to groups
Family key to Group 18
Group 18: Perianth in 2 whorls; petals 4 or more, all fused, corolla bilateral; pistil 1, ovary superior
1. Stamens > in number than corolla lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. 2' Leaf simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. , sometimes reduced to linear  Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. or scale-like bracts 4. Shrub; leaves alternate  1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. ; anthers dehiscing by pores; ovules many; fruit a capsule ..... ERICACEAE (Rhododendron macrophyllum) 4' Herb or weak-stemmed subshrub; leaves opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. ; anthers dehiscing by lateral slits; ovule 1; fruit an achene  Dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit from a 1-chambered ovary, sometimes winged, often appearing to be a naked seed. A 1-seeded dry fruit derived from an inferior ovary of > 1 carpel (e.g., Asteraceae, Dipsacaceae) is sometimes called a cypsela. tightly enwrapped by hardened base of corolla-like calyx — petals actually 0 but sepals petal-like and involucre  Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. bracts sepal-like ..... NYCTAGINACEAE (Allionia) 1' Stamens = in number to corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. or fewer 5' Corolla not scarious, generally deciduous after flower 6. Fertile stamens = in number to corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. 7. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, especially in fruit; style attachment surrounded by lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. of ovary (style readily detaches in Lamiaceae as corolla falls); fruit breaking apart into 1-seeded nutlets (sometimes only 1–3 nutlets maturing) 8. Stem round in ×-section; cauline leaves alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. (proximal opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or in rosettes  A radiating cluster of leaves generally at or near ground level. in some Plagiobothrys); herbage not aromatic; inflorescence or inflorescence branches coiled at least when young, unrolling in flower or fruit ..... BORAGINACEAE {G19} 8' Stem 4-angled, at least when young; leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. throughout; herbage generally strongly aromatic, especially if crushed; inflorescence or inflorescence branches not coiled, often clustered ..... LAMIACEAE (3) {G8,19} 7' Ovary entire  Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or shallowly lobed; style clearly attached to tip of ovary; fruit a capsule or splitting into nutlets 9. Shrub; filaments attached directly to receptacle, falling free from corolla or only weakly adhering; anthers dehiscent  Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. by pores ..... ERICACEAE {G17,19,24} 9' Herb; filaments fused to and falling with corolla; anthers dehiscent Opening at maturity to release contents; usually pertaining to anthers or fruits. by slits 10. Calyx lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. bordered by or ± fused by a much thinner, transparent or translucent membrane; corolla generally funnel-shaped  Widening from the base more or less gradually through the throat into an ascending, spreading, or recurved limb; often applied to a fused calyx or corolla. to salverform  Having a slender tube and an abruptly spreading, flat limb; often applied to a fused corolla. ; stigmas 3; ovary chambers 3 ..... POLEMONIACEAE {G19} 10' Calyx lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. not bordered by or fused by transparent or translucent membrane; corolla ± rotate  Wheel-shaped, spreading, or saucer-shaped; often applied to a fused corolla with a short or nonexistent tube and a spreading limb. ; stigmas 1–2; ovary chambers 1–4 11. Stems prostrate  Lying flat on the ground. to decumbent  lying mostly flat on the ground but with tips curving up. ; corolla white to blue or purple, 2–8 mm diam; inflorescence cyme-like, or flowers solitary; fruit splitting into generally 4 one-seeded nutlets ..... EHRETIACEAE {G19} 11' Stems erect  Upright; vertically oriented. ; corolla yellow (white to ± purple), 15–40 mm diam; inflorescence a narrow raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or panicle  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the basal or lateral flowers (or some of them) open before the terminal or central flowers on any axis. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a panicle-like inflorescence is one in which at least some of the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are attached (stalked or unstalked) to branches and not directly to the main axis of the inflorescence and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; fruit a many-seeded capsule ..... SCROPHULARIACEAE (Verbascum) {G19} 6' Fertile stamens fewer than corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. — 1 or more sterile stamens sometimes present 12' Plant green and photosynthetic 13. Proximal portion of lower corolla lip with backward-projecting, conic or tubular spur 14. Plant aquatic; leaf-like underwater stems generally dissected, generally submersed, generally bearing small, hollow bladders that suck in and trap small organisms when hairs at opening are triggered ..... LENTIBULARIACEAE (Utricularia) {G2} 14' Plant terrestrial; leaves entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). to shallowly lobed, without hollow bladders 15. Leaves all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. ; adaxial leaf  Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). face sticky or slimy with insect-capturing glands ..... LENTIBULARIACEAE (Pinguicula) 15' Leaves basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. and cauline or all cauline; adaxial leaf Organ arising from a stem, generally composed of a stalk (petiole) and a flat, expanded, green, photosynthetic area (blade); distinguished from a leaflet by the presence in its axil of a bud, branch, thorn, or flower; sometimes with lateral, basal appendages (stipules); either simple (toothed, lobed, or dissected but not divided into leaflets) or compound (divided into leaflets). surface not sticky or slimy with insect-capturing glands ..... PLANTAGINACEAE (4) {G5,19} 13' Proximal portion of lower corolla lip without backward-projecting, conic or tubular spur, occasionally with expanded pouch 16. Ovary generally deeply 4-lobed; style attachment surrounded by lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. of ovary [style readily detaches as corolla falls] — fruit breaking into 4 one-seeded nutlets ..... LAMIACEAE (3) {G8,19} 16' Ovary entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). or ± shallowly lobed; style arising from tip of ovary 17. Ovules 1–4 per ovary chamber 20. Stamens exserted  Protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens exserted from corolla). ..... LAMIACEAE (3) {G8,19} 20' Stamens included  Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). ..... VERBENACEAE {G19} 17' Ovules several to many per ovary chamber 21' Leaves simple Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched. 23. Shrub or tree; capsule body 15–35 cm, straight, linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. ..... BIGNONIACEAE (2) 23' Annual; capsule body 5–10 cm, curved, tipped with a hooked beak several cm long ..... MARTYNIACEAE 24. Corolla upper lip forming a concave beak or hood, ± enclosing or covering stamens and style 25. Sterile stamen 0; lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. of upper corolla lip obscure or 0 ..... OROBANCHACEAE (2) 25' Sterile stamen present, inserted on corolla tube between lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. of upper corolla lip; lobes of upper lip evident ..... PLANTAGINACEAE (4) {G5,19} 24' Corolla upper lip not forming a beak or hood, not enclosing or covering stamens and style [though these may be included Not protruding out of surrounding structure(s) (e.g., stamens included in corolla). within corolla tube or throat] 26. Stigma lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. flat, disk-like, moving together when touched; cauline leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. ..... PHRYMACEAE {G2,19} 26' Stigma dot-like or head-like, unlobed, or lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. not moving together when touched; cauline leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. (whorled) or leaves all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 27. Leaves all basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 28. Flowers solitary; stamens 4; leaves linear Elongate, with nearly parallel sides; narrower than elliptic or oblong. or awl-like to spoon-shaped or ovate  Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. , entire Having margins that are continuous and smooth (i.e., without teeth, lobes, etc.). ..... SCROPHULARIACEAE (Limosella) {G2,19} 28' Flowers in raceme In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. ; stamens 2; leaves ovate Egg-shaped (i.e., widest below the middle) in two dimensions (i.e., in one plane), as a leaf. to round, toothed or shallowly lobed ..... PLANTAGINACEAE (Synthyris) 27' Leaves basal At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. and cauline or all cauline 29. Stem 4-angled; corolla tube urn-shaped  Widening more or less abruptly at the base and then gradually or abruptly narrowed toward the tip. to spheric ..... SCROPHULARIACEAE (Scrophularia) 29' Stem generally round in ×-section; corolla tube cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. to bell-shaped, sometimes very short ..... PLANTAGINACEAE (4) {G5,19}
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