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Jepson eFlora
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) . Jepson eFlora, https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/ [accessed on ]
Key to groups
Family key to Group 17
Group 17: Perianth in 2 or more whorls or spirals; petals 4 or more, fused; pistil 1, ovary ± inferior
1. Stamens > in number than corolla lobes  1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. or > 15 2. Plant spiny or bristly 3. Stem very fleshy, generally spiny (in some Opuntia species only with glochids); leaves 0 or conic to cylindric  Elongate, with parallel sides and, at any point, round in transverse section. , fleshy; petal-like parts many, overlapping in several series ..... CACTACEAE {G21} 3' Stem not or slightly fleshy, bristly with stinging hairs; leaves well developed, with expanded blade  Expanded portion of a leaf, petal, or other structure, generally flat but sometimes rolled, cylindric, wavy, or cupped. ; petals 5, in 1 series ..... LOASACEAE (Eucnide) 2' Plant glabrous or ± hairy but not spiny or bristly 4' Petals 4 or 5, petal-like stamens 0; leaves generally thin 1' Stamens = in number to corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. or fewer, generally <= 5 6. Ovary actually superior, surrounded by but not fused to hardened or winged base of corolla-like calyx that simulates an inferior ovary; style passing through constriction separating calyx base from petal-like portion and joining to top of ovary ..... NYCTAGINACEAE {G5,14,15,19} 6' Ovary truly inferior, fused to bases of surrounding flower parts; style not passing through a calyx constriction 7. Leaves alternate  1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. or all basal  At or near the base of a plant or plant part. Especially said of leaves clustered near the ground or of a placenta confined to the base of an ovary. 8. Tendrils generally present; flowers unisexual — plant generally monoecious, leaves palmately veined, generally palmately lobed ..... CUCURBITACEAE {G6,8,14,21} 8' Tendrils 0; flowers bisexual  Both male and female reproductive parts occurring and functional in the same plant or structure (e.g., flower, spikelet, inflorescence). or unisexual 9. Inflorescence a head  1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. subtended or ± enclosed by involucre  Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. ; calyx modified as pappus of bristles, scales, and/or awns  1. Bristle-like appendage or elongation, generally terminal. 2. Stiff, needle-like pappus element in Asteraceae. , not green and leaf-like ..... ASTERACEAE (2) {G6,7,8,9,12,14} 9' Inflorescence various but not a head 1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. ; calyx of unmodified sepals, generally green 10. Stamens alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. ; staminodes 0; flowers radial  Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways. or bilateral  Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way. ; placentas  Structure or area to which ovules are attached in an ovary; variously shaped and positioned. axile  Pertaining to an axis, as of a placenta along the central axis in a compound ovary with more than one chamber. or parietal Pertaining to placentas on the inside surface of the ovary wall in a compound ovary with one or more chambers. ..... CAMPANULACEAE {G2,5,14} 10' Stamens opposite  1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. corolla lobes 1. A major expansion or bulge, such as on the margin of a leaf, sepal, or petal, or on the surface of an ovary. 2. The free tips of otherwise fused structures, such as sepals or petals; larger than teeth. ; staminodes alternate 1. Arranged singly, often spirally, along an axis - e.g., one leaf per node. 2. Occurring in different ranks, appearing to be between, not directly above or below, as 'stamens alternate petals'. fertile stamens; flowers radial Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways. ; placentas Structure or area to which ovules are attached in an ovary; variously shaped and positioned. free-central  Pertaining to a placenta along the central axis in a compound ovary with only one chamber. ..... THEOPHRASTACEAE {G21} 7' Leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. or whorled  Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node). 11. Inflorescence a peduncled pair of flowers — creeping subshrub, twining vine, or erect  Upright; vertically oriented. shrub 12. Flowers sessile  Without a petiole, peduncle, pedicel, or other kind of stalk. ; fruits berries, sometimes fused ..... CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Lonicera) 12' Flowers on slender pedicels  Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence, or the corresponding structure in fruit. ; fruits capsules  Dry fruit from compound pistil, nearly always dehiscent (irregularly or by pores, slits, or lines of separation). , not fused ..... LINNAEACEAE 11' Inflorescence a head 1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. , spike  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. , or cyme  1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. , or flowers solitary 13. Inflorescence a head 1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. or dense, head-like spike 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. , subtended or ± enclosed by ± calyx-like involucre Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. 15. Leaves opposite 1. Arranged in pairs along an axis - e.g., two leaves per node. 2. Occurring in the same rank, directly above or below, as 'stamens opposite petals'. 3. Located directly across from. ..... DIPSACACEAE 15' Leaves whorled Arranged in groups of three or more at nodes or positions along an axis (e.g., three leaves per node). ..... RUBIACEAE (Sherardia) 13' Inflorescence various, not subtended or enclosed by ± calyx-like involucre Group of bracts more or less held together as a unit, subtending a flower, fruit (acorn cup), or inflorescence. 17. Stamens 4 or 5; corolla radial Divisible into mirror-image halves in three or more ways. , not spurred or with proximal bulge ..... RUBIACEAE (2) {G14} 17' Stamens 1 or 3; corolla often bilateral Divisible into mirror-image halves in only one way. , often spurred or with proximal bulge ..... VALERIANACEAE {G14} 16' Shrub, tree, or woody vine 18. Inflorescence a raceme  In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on pedicels and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a raceme-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are stalked and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or ± interrupted spike 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, an unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile and nearly always open from the bottom to the top of the inflorescence. 2. In Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and some other groups, a spike-like inflorescence is one in which the inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae; spikelets in Cyperaceae and Poaceae), instead of individual flowers, are sessile and attached directly to the main axis of the inflorescence, not to branches, and in which floral development may or may not proceed as in 1. or flowers 1–2 in axils ..... CAPRIFOLIACEAE 18' Inflorescence a head 1. A dense, often spheric inflorescence of sessile or subsessile flowers. 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a head-like inflorescence is one in which sessile or subsessile inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, are attached in a short dense cluster without an evident axis or branches. or compound cyme 1. In flowering plants excluding Asteraceae and some other groups, a branched inflorescence in which the central or uppermost flower opens before the peripheral or lowermost flowers on any axis. see 2. In Asteraceae and some other groups, a cyme-like inflorescence is one in which the central or uppermost inflorescence units (e.g., heads in Asteraceae, umbels enclosed by involucres in Eriogonum), instead of individual flowers, develop and mature before the peripheral or lowermost inflorescence units on any axis. 19' Leaves simple  Composed of a single part; undivided; unbranched.
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